Toyota's engineers have been involved in Electric Vehicle (EV) research and development for over 40 years, since 1971. Developed in parallel with the company's pioneering full Hybrid (HV), Plug-in Hybrid (PHEV) and Fuel Cell (FCV) vehicles, the EV represents Toyota's long-term vision for short range sustainable mobility.

The company's readily adaptable Hybrid Synergy Drive^® platform serves as the core technology for all of its advanced powertrain applications, based on specific usage patterns: EV for city driving, PHEV for city/mid distance use, HV for mid distance driving and FCV for long distance use.

Key to EV development are the battery and motor control systems that Toyota has created and fine-tuned through the broad technological base of its hybrid vehicle programme. To date, Toyota has developed several types of EV, including a two-passenger concept- the e-com, an SUV- the RAV4 EV, and several FT-EV concept cars.

First unveiled at the 1997 Tokyo Motor Show, the e-com shared much of its EV technology and powertrain components with the larger RAV4 EV. Producing zero emissions, it could run at speeds of up to 100 km/h for approximately 100 km on a single charge. By 2000, Toyota had a fleet of around 30 e-coms in use in Japan.

By 1995, Toyota was already highly focused on bringing a viable electric vehicle to the market. Its first generation RAV4 EV represented the successful culmination of all the company had learned over the previous 24 years. Indeed, the first prototype won the Scandinavian Electric Car Rally in August of that year.

The RAV4 EV had one of the best cruising ranges of any electric vehicle in the world —more than 120 miles (200 km) on a single charge. Since it was released in 1997, 1,500 were sold in the United States. A second generation RAV4 EV, created in partnership with Tesla, has recently been launched in the United States market.

Three generations of FT-EV concept have been produced so far, making their respective world debuts at the Detroit Motor Show and the Tokyo Motor Shows of 2009 and 2011. The iQ EV is a production version of those concepts, incorporating the technological and design strengths of all three models.

It represents the installation of an all-electric powertrain within a Toyota iQ package, combining the ultimate in compact city car agility with zero emissions and the easy, silent driving of a fully electric vehicle for up to four passengers.

Concept

The iQ EV has been specifically designed as a city commuting vehicle for use in an urban environment.

In the interests of weight saving, packaging and charging times, that range had to be realised with the lowest practical battery capacity. Power efficiency therefore became the key development goal, focusing on a combination of lightweight design and the lowest possible power consumption.

In an EV, the power consumption of the air conditioning system takes up a very high percentage of the total available battery power. To counteract this, the iQ EV features a low power consumption heat pump air conditioning system, allied to seat heater fitted as standard to directly warm occupants, and a new Heated Windscreen Defroster (HWD) system to clear the screen without the aid of the air conditioning system.

A lower battery capacity also translates into a shorter charging time. Not only can the iQ EV be fully recharged in approximately three hours, but also, via Fast Charging, its battery can be recharged up to 80% capacity in only 15 minutes, significantly enhancing the convenience and practicality of the new Toyota EV.

Packaging

At 3,120 mm overall, the new iQ EV is just 135 mm longer than a standard iQ,sharing the latter's overall width of 1,680 mm, height of 1,505 mm and 2,000 mm wheelbase. A minimum turning circle of just 4.1 metres offers excellent urban manoeuvrability.

Because the zero emission EV has no requirement for an exhaust system, the newly developed, flat, highly compact lithium-ion battery pack has been mounted within a high strength steel cradle beneath the cabin floor.

This packaging solution has three key benefits: it offers no compromise to either loadspace or passenger accommodation for four it equips the iQ EV with a low centre of gravity and ideal weight distribution for stability and urban agility and it allows for the creation of an entirely flat vehicle underbody, maximising aerodynamic performance and, hence, power efficiency.

Minimising the weight increase caused by the installation of the lithium-ion battery pack, high tensile sheet steel has been extensively used in the body shell construction, combining lightweight with high rigidity. As a result, the iQ EV weighs just 125 kg more than a standard iQ (1.3L, CVT)

High body rigidity not only improves vehicle stability and handling agility, it is also instrumental in the suppression of vibration. As a result, and in conjunction with extensive sound proofing throughout the bodyshell and cabin, the new iQ EV offers occupants the remarkably quiet exterior appropriate to an all-electric driving experience.

Exterior Design

Based on the FT-EV III concept shown at the 2011 Tokyo Motor Show, the new iQ EV exterior is hallmarked by unique styling details and the strong use of two-tone, White Pearl and Black colour to create a simple, bold design which instantly identifies the new Toyota as a highly advanced, all-electric evolution of the company's renowned city car.

To the front, a smooth, simple surface structure sees the removal of the upper grille and its replacement with a charging port lid to one side of the Toyota badge. The port lid itself has been positioned at the very front of the vehicle for maximum ease of charging cable connection within a wide range of urban parking scenarios.

Adhering to the design principles of all latest generation Toyota vehicles, the lower bumper adopts trapezoidal, Under Priority character lines and an enlarged lower grille with a gloss black finish. The grille incorporates Daytime Running Lights (DRLs) to reinforce the new Toyota EV's unique visual signature.

A new headlamp design incorporates gloss black, side extension battery cooling air inlets, whilst the interior of the projector halogen headlamp housings has also been finished in black to further strengthen the EV's visual differentiation from a standard iQ.

To the side, the black upper surfaces of the two-tone colour scheme and the blacked out B pillar emphasise the new iQ EV's sleek profile, whilst new, aluminium wheels with two-tone wheel caps reinforce the vehicle's unique, all-electric credentials.

The rear design features a black tailgate and a new, LED combination lamp design above a trapezoidal license plate mounting area within the bumper, both harmonising with the front Under Priority styling and reinforcing the iQ EV's broad, stable stance.

Aerodynamics

The iQ EV features numerous aerodynamic enhancements in the interests of maximising power efficiency. Grille openings have been reduced to a minimum and the bonnet upper surface shaped to optimise airflow over the front of the vehicle. The A pillar moulding width has been increased, the roof rear edge angled, and the rear pillar, quarter window glass and moulding shaped to help air flow separation over the top and sides of the vehicle.

The front fender wheel opening has been aerodynamically shaped, front and rear wheel spats added in three locations and even the iQ EV-unique aluminium wheel cap design itself has been aerodynamically styled to optimise the flow of air down the sides of the vehicle, minimising turbulence. Comprehensive underbody covers allied to the underside of the battery pack create a flat underfloor surface, further enhancing the aerodynamic efficiency of the new Toyota.

EV-Unique Interior Design Features 

As with the exterior design, the iQ EV's interior is finished in a bold, high contrast, black and white colour scheme. The meter hood, centre console, rear console upper surface, steering wheel horn pad, passenger side dashboard ornamentation and door trim grip and shoulder panels are all finished in white to reflect the vehicle's uniquely clean, all-electric credentials.

EV-unique, partial leather seat upholstery also features contrasting black and white finishes the seat and headrest sides in white, central areas in a dark, plug-in-theme patterned fabric with bluish-grey and white stitching.

Exclusive, premium-feel detailing includes light coloured accents to the rear console and door trim grip cover surrounds, the door handle itself, and the instrument binnacle hood.

The iQ EV features an exclusive driver's instrument binnacle with Optitron metres styled to resemble electrical componentry such as a generator turbine and printed circuitry. It incorporates a central speedometer with EV System Indicator-linked changing colour illumination, a 3.5" TFT (Thin Film Transistor) multi-information display, a compact, high contrast LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and a plug-in indicator.

The 3.5" TFT screen displays a comprehensive variety of vehicle information. Its easy-to-read default setting shows only the basic information the driver needs driving range, state of charge and, through the EV System Indicator, output/regeneration status.

In addition, the display may be switched through seven further screens average/instant power consumption, post charge power consumption, electrical equipment usage information, driving range, total average vehicle speed/total driving time, EV battery information and settings.

Located at the base of the centre console and finished in blue to match the ornamentation of the EV system start/stop button and shift knob, a further cluster of four, EV-related switches control the front and rear screen defrost functions, the charging timer start function and the charging port lid opener.

Standard Equipment

Helping to maximise power efficiency, the iQ EV features a low power consumption, electric heat pump air conditioning system. The system has been designed to prioritise EV driving range.

It is allied to front seat heaters -fitted as standard- to directly warm occupants, a windscreen-mounted humidity sensor to help the system control the internal/external air mixture to minimise screen fogging, and a new Heated Windscreen Defroster (HWD) system to clear the screen without the aid of the air conditioning system. Pressing a MAX mode switch activates maximum heating or cooling performance when required.

The new Toyota EV is also equipped with a Remote Climate Control System. This allows the air conditioning to be remotely activated with the key when the vehicle is plugged in and charging. By reducing on board temperature extremes through remote activation of the system when the iQ EV is plugged in, air conditioning power consumption whilst driving is significantly reduced, extending driving range.

In addition, the iQ EV benefits from a particularly generous standard equipment package, which includes a Smart Entry & Start System, a 6-speaker audio system and Hill Start Assist.

Despite being the world's smallest four-seater EV, the new iQ EV is a equipped with a comprehensive range of advanced safety features, including VSC and nine airbags two front, two side, one driver's knee, one passenger front seat cushion, two curtain shield and one rear window curtain shield airbags.

Powertrain and Driving Dynamics

The new Toyota iQ EV combines compact city car agility with zero emissions and the easy, silent driving style of a fully electric vehicle.

Its small, 4.1 metre turning circle gives it excellent manoeuvrability in the urban environment, and the position of the battery pack beneath the vehicle floor creates a low centre of gravity and ideal front/rear weight distribution for excellent ride comfort and agile, engaging handling.

A further development of Toyota's Hybrid Synergy Drive^® technology, the iQ EV's fully electric powertrain comprises an air-cooled, 47 kW electric motor/generator, a 150 cell, a 12.0 kWh, 277.5 V battery pack, a 3 kW water-cooled battery charger, an inverter, an DC/DC converter and a motor speed reduction mechanism.

The motor/generator, planetary gear speed reduction mechanism and torque biasing differential are all housed in a new, ultra-compact, EV-exclusive transaxle, which combines a low centre of gravity with reduced energy losses to minimise power consumption.

Maximum torque of 163 Nm is delivered, from a standstill, to the front wheels, giving the iQ EV 0-100 km/h acceleration of 14.0 seconds and a maximum speed of 125 km/h.

The new Toyota EV generates zero CO₂, NO_x or particulate emissions throughout its operation. With a power consumption of 134 Wh/km, this equips the vehicle with an NEDC-certified range of 85 km between charges.

Similar to Toyota's full hybrid vehicles, the iQ EV is equipped with a regenerative braking system. When decelerating with the accelerator pedal released, the rotation of the wheels is transmitted to the motor, which acts as a generator, converting kinetic energy into electricity for storage within the battery.

When braking, the amount of energy that is recovered is determined through coordinated control with the electronically controlled brake system, optimising both braking force and energy recovery.

The iQ EV's gate-type gear shift lever offers drivers three driving ranges: D-range controls the vehicle to consume the least amount of power during city driving S-range increases acceleration performance for brisk driving and B-range maximises regenerative braking to extend the vehicle's driving range as far as possible.

In addition to the extensive system information provided by the EV System Indicator, an ECO Driving Indicator is also provided, helping drivers maximise the efficiency of the new Toyota EV's all electric powertrain.

Battery Charging

Via an illuminated battery charger inlet conveniently located beneath a discreet, flush-mounted panel at the front of the new iQ EV, the battery pack can be fully recharged in approximately 3 hours from a standard, 230 V household outlet.

A dedicated rapid charger compliant port is available as an option, enabling the battery to be 80% recharged in just 15 minutes, greatly enhancing the new Toyota EV's everyday practicality.

Two battery charger timer functions allow users to set either the start or the end time of battery charging. And a timer has been introduced to automatically match the charge completion time with duration of vehicle use, helping to reduce battery degradation.

The 5 metre charging cable has been designed to remain flexible even in cold weather. It incorporates a CCID (Charging Circuit Interrupter Device) to automatically block the supply of AC current in the case of electrical leakage during charging. And the plug-cord may be detached from the CCID allowing it to be changed for compatibility with outlet shapes in various countries.

Commercialisation

The iQ EV has been specifically designed as an electric city commuting vehicle for use in an urban environment - the engineering programme is complete and iQ EV is ready for production.

However Toyota has seen that many customers are not yet willing to compromise on range, and they don't like the time needed to re-charge the batteries. Moreover, the infrastructure for recharging has not become as widespread as originally anticipated.

So, even though Toyota is ready with the iQ EV, we believe a plug-in hybrid solution offers a better way than pure electric for most customer needs in the short- to medium-term, and that is where we will concentrate our commercial activities.

The Prius Plug-in Hybrid is a car that delivers the 25 kilometers of pure electric driving needed for 70% of Europe's daily journeys, and has the backup of an efficient hybrid system to deliver a range of over 1200 kilometers without recharging or refuelling.

The higher quality of the iQ interior is hallmarked by a softer, black upper door trim with an improved grain texture, new black upper and lower instrument panel sections and updated seat fabric colours. Perceived quality is further enhanced by the addition of silver manual air conditioning dials and tweeter surrounds, and a chrome, passenger-side dashboard.

A new, refreshing Light Grey interior colour scheme features a high-gloss black centre console with Bento box-style lacquered Red accent, high-gloss black door inserts and meter visor, and a leather steering wheel with red stitching.

The combination of a polished black dashboard and red inserts evokes the tradition of the Japanese Bento lunch box.

A Bento is not simply a lunch box, it is an expression of Japanese ingenuity in daily use. It combines the perfect resolution of compact space organisation with the highest quality materials and finishes, making it the ideal representation of the innovative design values inherent in the new iQ interior.

The existing Plum colour scheme features a mat Silver centre console and door inserts, a black and silver meter visor and a leather steering wheel. A choice of two complimentary, partial-leather seat colours is available with each interior colour schemes.

Now in production, and on display for the first time at the 2010 Geneva motor show, the new iQ Collection features a choice of customised interiors, satisfying customer demand for enhanced interior quality and wider scope in the personalisation of their cars.

This marks the start of an ongoing iQ Collection programme which will regularly update the model range with customisation offers reflecting the latest trends in style, colour and design.

In addition to the existing silver matt interior, the 2010 iQ Collection offers a choice of Cream or Gold finishes to the centre console, instrument cluster hood, and steering wheel and door panel inserts.

Complementing the new iQ Collection, a new Bronze Mica exterior colour is available, expanding customer choice in interior and exterior harmonisation.

Ergonomic enhancements have been made across the entire iQ model range. A height adjustable driver's seat is now fitted as standard on iQ2 and iQ3 grades, and a new door handle has been fitted with an improved grip design for easier closing.

The quality and texture of interior finishes has also been refined by the application of a durable, soft touch material to the passenger side dashboard and chrome trim to the interior ceiling lamp.

The Auris Hybrid Synergy Drive® (HSD) makes its world debut at the 2010 Geneva motor show. Its launch marks a major milestone in the planned deployment of the Hybrid Synergy Drive® powertrain across Toyota's entire model range by early 2020s.

The Auris 2010 model range has dynamic new styling and improved interior quality, combined with a choice of six Toyota Optimal Drive powertrains or HSD. A unique offer of clean engine technologies at the heart of the C-segment.

RAV4 2010: a more sophisticated design

Making its European debut at Geneva, the RAV4 2010 features a more sophisticated front design and a more refined interior.

The entire engine line-up now benefits from Toyota Optimal Drive technology, making it one of the cleanest powertrain ranges in the compact SUV segment.

iQ Collection: a choice of customised interiors

Marking the start of an ongoing programme, the new iQ Collection satisfies customer demand for wider scope in the personalisation of their cars through a choice of two new customised interiors.

A new exterior colour, bronze Mica, is also available. And interior ergonomic and quality enhancements have been made across the iQ model range.

FT-86 Concept

Also making its first appearance in Europe is the Toyota FT-86 sports concept, paying homage to the company's long history of exciting sports cars such as the Celica, MR2 and Supra.

The front engine, rear-wheel drive FT-86 concept features highly aerodynamic styling and an ergonomically ideal, driver-oriented cockpit. The sports concept has been made as compact and lightweight as possible to maximise its performance, agility and driving pleasure.

Commitment to sustainable mobility

With 2.3 million hybrid vehicles already sold worldwide, Toyota has an unassailable lead in the drive towards sustainable mobility.

Three generations of the multiple award-winning Prius have seen significant improvements to Toyota's full hybrid drivertain, Hybrid Synergy Drive®, which will serve as a core technology applicable to all future models. The system is modular and readily adaptable to use in Plug-in Hybrid vehicles (PHV), Electric vehicles (EV) and Fuel Cell Hybrid vehicles (FCHV).

Toyota's all-electric FT-EV II concept and the Prius Plug-in Hybrid production model make their European premieres at this year's Geneva show, as well as the company's latest fuel cell hybrid concept, the FCHV-adv.

• iQ development started about 5 years ago
• Toyota’s vision of a prosperous, low carbon society
• Reducing CO2 in Europe, on sale early 2009
• A cornerstone of Toyota’s sustainability plan

The iQ is a revolutionary new vehicle that will enhance Toyota’s range of urban compact cars that already includes AYGO and Yaris. Toyota expects iQ to attract many new customers to the brand through the car’s breakthrough design, packaging and driving dynamics. From the environmental perspective iQ strategically enhances Toyota’s position to offer exciting and desirable vehicles with low fuel consumption and emissions.

“ We wanted to create the world’s first, sophisticated four-seat car, less than three metres long, using ultra-effective packaging, a unique design, ultra-low fuel consumption and high driving and safety performance. To achieve this, iQ had to have a similar size to an A-segment car, its performance would have to surpass the B-segment, and interior and exterior quality being on C-segment level.”

Hiroki Nakajima, Chief Engineer of the iQ

The iQ is born

The iQ story began about five years ago, when a team of Toyota engineers led by Chief Engineer Hiroki Nakajima were given the unique chance of creating one of the most important cars ever launched by Toyota. Just as Prius set a new benchmark for innovative drivetrain engineering, the iQ is intended to act as a catalyst to reshape thinking about the packaging of compact, environmentally friendly cars. The team set itself the tough goal of developing a revolutionary sophisticated compact car that was at the same time kind to cities.

The iQ project first focused on packaging and miniaturisation, but later designers in Japan and from Toyota’s ED2 Design Centre near Nice worked to create this sensational looking sub-3m car. About three years ago, Toyota top management gave the green light, and the iQ concept was showcased at the 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show.

For maximum commercial success the team designed iQ to appeal strongly to new-to-Toyota customers. These are the kind of people who usually follow a more emotional approach to car buying. And while they might admire Toyota for being a successful and innovative carmaker, they might not have connected with the Toyota brand on an emotional level. iQ is here to change this. Right from its inception it has been specially designed to connect to the needs of this audience.

“ Before putting pen to paper, we carefully researched who will buy the iQ. In the customer clinics we came across dynamic people who demonstrate great independence in their choice of lifestyle and values. You could say that this group has a strong sense of who they are and what they want; they are confident in their sense of style and seek a car through which they can communicate their individuality.”

Hiroki Nakajima, Chief Engineer of the iQ

iQ is also designed to enhance choice in Toyota’s impressive range of compact cars. While the AYGO is positioned in the A-segment with an exterior length 420mm longer than the iQ, it is clearly an entry model – simple and accessible, yet cool, fresh and colourful. Yaris on the other hand is at the heart of the 
B-segment, also targeting families, who purchase it as the main family car. iQ represents a milestone breakthrough in automotive engineering and radical new thinking, that differentiates it from all other small cars. iQ brings a high level of sophistication through many advanced features which are usually only found on larger cars.

On sale in Europe, early 2009

Production of the new iQ begins in November 2008 at the Takaoka Plant in Japan. The iQ will go on sale in Japan in November 2008 and throughout Europe in early 2009. The main European markets are expected to be Italy, Germany, France and the UK. At the moment Toyota plans to produce around 100,000 units on a full year basis, selling 80% of them in Europe. The iQ will be built on a completely new platform.

However, to really understand the importance of the new Toyota iQ, one has to take a deeper look at the society it was designed for.

Worldwide awareness is growing daily concerning issues such as global warming, resource depletion, fuel prices, and atmospheric pollution, and there are now strong demands for carmakers to develop more harmonious relationships with society and the global environment.

On the 11th of December 1997 the Kyoto Protocol was agreed upon by the 3rd Conference of the Parties, and entered into force on the 16th of February 2005 and as of May 2008, 182 parties have ratified the protocol. The objective of the Kyoto Protocol is to achieve “stabilisation of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.”

CO₂ reductions in Europe

Action has already been taken in Europe. On the 19th of December 2007, the European Commission adopted a proposal for legislation to reduce the average CO₂ emissions of new passenger cars. And Toyota is determined to reduce the environmental impact of its cars too.

“ Since it was founded over seventy years ago, the Toyota Motor Company has conducted its business based on the guiding principle of contributing to the development of a prosperous society through the manufacture of automobiles. However, now Toyota must seek to combine the power of people and technology to help create a society that maintains a balance between corporate activities and environmental preservation.”

Katsuaki Watanbe, President of Toyota Motor Corporation

iQ will support Toyota’s sustainability plan

In 2007, Toyota announced that it would pursue three areas of sustainability as part of efforts to contribute to the continued development of society and the planet we live on. The three areas are research and development in more ­environmentally friendly products, manufacturing and social contribution. Already, the new iQ directly contributes to the first and second areas.

Sustainability through research and development

• Toyota hybrid research began in 1965
• 1.5 million Toyota hybrids sold since 1997
• Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles to be launched by the end of 2009
• Hybrid has already saved seven million tons of CO2 emissions
• Toyota Optimal Drive, including Valvematic, Dual VVT-i breakthroughs
• iQ breakthrough packaging technology
• Launch of smaller, lightweight vehicles like the Urban Cruiser

New environmentally friendly vehicles, such as the iQ, will further support Toyota‘s overall CO2 reduction plan. The iQ is part of a new line-up of small cars from Toyota that provide additional consumer choice with lower vehicle emissions. Thanks to increased sales of Toyota’s fuel-efficient cars, such as the iQ (as low as 99g/km), Prius (104g/km), AYGO (as low as 106g/km) and Yaris (as low as 115g/km), the company’s CO2 average is already declining. (*CO2 figures on the 1st November 2008)

At the core of Toyota’s emission reduction programme is their pioneering Hybrid Synergy Drive® technology. Hybrid technology not only assists in the reduction of harmful emissions and fuel consumption, it also delivers noise pollution reduction benefits, on top of providing a high level of driving pleasure.

Toyota first started experimenting with hybrid technology in 1965, and was the first manufacturer to introduce mass produced hybrid cars. It’s now well over ten years since the first generation Prius was launched. Worldwide cumulative sales of the Prius reached one million units in April 2008 and global cumulative sales of hybrid vehicles reached 1.5 million in June 2008. By the end of 2009, Toyota will launch a Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle, or PHV. Research and development of PHVs is already at an advanced stage, with testing being carried out on Japanese, American and European roads.

What Prius is to drivetrain technology, iQ is certainly to packaging, and it heralds the launch of a new range of compact Toyota cars, that offer sophisticated mobility and performance, yet at the same time being kind to our cities. Rather than downsizing or making do with less, these breakthrough new cars use radical new packaging concepts to offer big car refinement in a smaller car.

Further important developments include the Toyota Optimal Drive concept with Valvematic, Dual VVT-i engine technology, D-4D common rail, and as a mid-term outlook Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles, alternative fuels and lightweight construction methods.

Sustainability in manufacturing

• Since 2001, 44% reduction in the energy used to build a Toyota in Europe
• Energy-efficient Japanese iQ production facility

Reducing running emissions is critical since these contribute to 80% of a vehicle’s total lifecycle emissions. However, further reductions to benefit the environment can be made at the manufacturing stage. In Europe, Toyota has reduced the average energy required to build a car by 44% since 2001. Emissions have been reduced by using renewable energy including biomass and natural energy sources, such as solar and wind power. Meanwhile, all Toyota manufacturing plants in Europe have achieved the ambitious target of delivering zero waste to landfill.

Meanwhile, at its Takaoka Plant, where the iQ is being built, Toyota installed a new innovative assembly line. By introducing innovative technology and further streamlining current production systems such as the Global Body Line and Set Parts System, Toyota intends to greatly improve both productivity and energy efficiency.

Radical iQ Design, influenced by Toyota’s Japanese roots

• J-Factor = Japanese design heritage
• Harmony of three design approaches: ‘Perfect imbalance’, ‘Integrated components architecture’ and ‘Freeform geometrics’
• iQ interior design inspired by the manta ray fish
• Stylish chocolate-plum interior

The new Toyota iQ represents simple, bold, forward-looking Japanese design. Reducing everything to a minimal level is actually much more complex than it seems. Consider the traditional Japanese Zen Garden that combines the roughness of raked gravel with the smoothness of geometrically positioned stones. Japanese aesthetics function by creating contrasts within design – contrasting the empty and the full, the smooth and the rough. The iQ design is full of contrasts; it is simple yet intriguing and this is applied throughout the car.

“Like the Prius, we view this car as a major milestone in Toyota’s vehicle development. It will offer a unique proposition to urban customers - a new mode of urban transport - small yet spacious, refined yet small. iQ is a wonderful example of what we call ‘J-Factor’ design, which combines Japanese authenticity with engineering ingenuity. In this respect, iQ is the “Quintessential Toyota”.

Andrea Formica , Senior Vice-President of Toyota Motor Europe

However, to fully understand how contemporary Japanese design influences the stunning new iQ, one needs to delve a little deeper into the past to discover a land that, apart from sporadic contacts with China, was historically a “world of its own”.

J-Factor = Japanese design heritage

Japan only really started to open up to the rest of the planet after the arrival of United States Commodore Matthew Perry and the US Fleet in 1853. Change then came rapidly. In 1869, the Imperial government moved from Kyoto to Edo, whose name was then changed to Tokyo, and Japan started its own Industrial Revolution, moving forward at exponential speed. During the later part of the 19th Century Japanese designers also started developing new styles that blended traditionalism with these foreign influences.

Japanese product design has always been exquisite. This is perhaps because right up to the Meiji, or so-called “Enlightened Period” from 1868-1912, there was no Japanese word for “Fine Arts”. In other words, Japanese culture could not differentiate between “Art to be use” and “Art to be admired”. This is most certainly the reason why finely crafted Japanese objects such as bowls, vases and furniture have always captivated Western architects and designers.

This heritage of making beautiful objects, despite a bout of blueprint copying work in 1960-1970s to fuel post war reconstruction, has produced a much acclaimed portfolio of product design. A few design highlights over the last 50 years include: 1958 Sony TR-610 transistor radio, 1966 Nikon F SLR camera, 1998 Sony VAIO laptop, 1999 SINKANSEN high-speed bullet train, and of course the award-winning 2003 Toyota Prius.

“ At Toyota our design philosophy is based on a belief that design should emphasise endurance, in a philosophy that connects the past to the future. We believe that design should touch people’s hearts and represent a dream that has come true. To achieve this we believe we should first go back to our origins. We are a Japanese company and we should never hide this fact. We see this as an advantage and we believe we can use it as an advantage in our approach to design. This is what we call our J-factor. J-factor is quite simply Japanese originality that will have global appeal.” Wahei Hirai, Managing Officer in charge of design

“Perfect imbalance”

This prevalent use of asymmetry in Japanese aesthetics can be described as Perfect Imbalance. An unexpected element in an otherwise perfect composition is often the element that makes it more natural, enthralling and dynamic. Stereotype notions of vehicles, which look ‘balanced’, are often easy to understand at first, but soon become boring. Creating energy and vitality in the overall proportion of a vehicle is essential in design which endures.

On the new iQ perfect imbalance was applied to the car’s proportions: a simple and daring exterior with a strong contrast between the stable and robust stance provided by the iQ’s width and the shortness of its overall length. The concern in making a car less than three metres in length is that it will appear weak and unstable. The Toyota designers felt the iQ must deliver a sense of strength and stability powerful enough to break away from this association.

This resulted in the “Stability and Dynamism” idea that can be seen in the wide and stable body – a total width of 1,680 mm and a height of 1,500 mm contrasting with the total length of less than three metres – and in the design which places the wheels at the extreme corners of the car.

Through daringly uprooting the conventionally prescribed proportions of a small car, Toyota has retained a delicate balance of proportions – a “perfect imbalance”, one might say – to realise a car with a radical new sense of form, strength and a robust stance. Above all, the compact form, with almost zero overhangs results in a car that is exciting and fun to drive.

“Integrated component architecture”

The iQ employs modern integrated component architecture where each unit contributes to the overall design: the structure around the wheels forms part of the minimal front and rear overhangs, a synergy that conveys both strength and agility.

At the front of the car, smoked headlamp units with projector-like high-intensity bi-halogen bulbs are set deep into the bonnet and wings. Large door mirrors, heated and retractable with integrated turn indicators, usually only seen on C-segment or D-segment cars, further reflect the iQ’s refined urban appeal.

“Freeform geometrics”

A new Toyota design technique called “freeform geometrics” was developed to sculpt the iQ. Here designers used mathematical formulas to emulate organic forms like seashells or fish. The cleanliness and precision of these lines is a tribute to the accuracy of their calculations that radiate movement and emotion to make the design fresh and contemporary.

For the iQ Toyota has taken this clarity even further, with a philosophy the Chief Engineer called “On-the-Edge Value” that is characterised by the cleanly crafted, sharply contoured exterior surfaces of the iQ.

iQ exterior design

iQ’s wheels - placed at the extremities of each corner - give the iQ what the designers call a ‘super stance’. At just 2,985mm in length, but with a proportionally larger wheelbase of 2,000mm, the iQ is small in size, but unlike a small car possesses a confident on-road appearance. The iQ’s robustness is further enhanced by the tough-looking bumpers. And the virtual lack of overhangs and concentration of weight inside the short wheelbase allows for rewarding handling.

Strong vertical lines define the rear view of the iQ, while the bold rear lamp lenses are divided into three segments by horizontal lines, which help underpin the iQ’s strong presence. The iQ is fitted with 5-spoke 15-inch alloy wheels, which are confidently embedded in the bold wheel arches.

From a rear three-quarter perspective the creative tension continues. A seamless line runs from the edge of the roofline towards the B-pillar and curves around the deep rear glass area, before returning towards the rear hatch, with energy-saving and fast-reaction LED high stop light, and then tailing off at the bold, geometrically-shaped wheel arches.

iQ interior design

In the new iQ a distinctive interior space has been created by combining a high level of practicality with a super-modern design. The ‘on-the-edge’ exterior styling is replicated in the iQ’s refined interior architecture. By mathematically analysing and recreating the structural beauty of natural objects such as seashells, Toyota designers have achieved a ‘techno-organic’ design that fuses geometric precision with inner beauty.

Inspired by the manta ray fish

Toyota’s interpretation of “techno-organic” is demonstrated in the floating ‘V’ centre console that is actually a mathematical emulation of a manta ray fish, forming the powerful centrepiece of the asymmetric dashboard. At the base of the 'V' is a single dial that cleverly controls all the functions of the air conditioning. The audio unit is also integrated seamlessly into the console, with only the CD slot visible on the centre console. All audio controls and joy stick are fitted to the steering wheel.

Situated within the arms of the central 'V' are cabin temperature controls with an LCD displaying airflow and twin face-level air vents. Crowning the centre console is an optional colour touch screen satellite navigation display. The iQ’s analogue meter offers a high level of readability and functionality. A multi-information display located in the metre shows time, outside temperature, current fuel consumption and average fuel consumption.

Chocolate-plum interior

The iQ’s interior is finished in a rich chocolate-plum colour, which contrasts with the silver of the techno-organic architecture to provide an environment of urban sophistication. The new iQ is fully carpeted in chocolate-plum pile, and features a stylish sound absorbing head lining.

  An “engineering jewel” featuring six packaging breakthroughs

• “Kakushin” – the revolutionary force behind iQ
• iQ’s six major space-saving innovations

A whole host of engineering breakthroughs have been combined to make iQ the world’s smallest four-seat car. Toyota sees the iQ as an ‘engineering jewel’ capable of radically changing consumer opinion on small cars.

“Kakushin” - the revolutionary force behind iQ

“ In today’s world change can be produced by kaizen (continuous incremental improvement), but when the rate of change is too slow, we have to resort to kakushin (revolutionary change or radical innovation). I am trying to get people to make the leap from incremental improvement to radical improvement wherever possible.”

Katsuaki Watanabe, President of Toyota Motor Corporation

The new iQ required a drastically changed mindset. The engineers had to reconsider the very locations of various vehicle components rather than simply re-designing parts to a smaller size. The result is a true break-through in ‘small yet spacious’ packaging, which at the same time has been designed to meet the top 5-star safety rating of Euro NCAP.

All desired cabin comforts are housed within the iQ’s 2,000 mm wheelbase. A distance of 710 mm is maintained between the driver and front passenger seat, giving space that is comparable to that of a C-segment vehicle.

On the iQ the thickness of the doors has even been reduced compared to a Yaris through the use of a guideless regulator structure instead of the conventional cross-arm window regulator structure, thus increasing shoulder room.

The front pillars are positioned forward and then slope back to eliminate any feeling of claustrophobia. The front passenger seat can be slid forward to ensure enough legroom to accommodate three 190 cm tall adults and one child or luggage. Both rear seats can be folded down to increase the load capacity of the boot to a max of 238 litres (VDA) or 32 litres when both the rear seats are in position.

Space has also been created by cleverly locating the gearshift and parking brake almost side by side to give more room for rear seat passengers to extend their feet between the front seats. And as there is no fuel tank under the rear seat, objects can also be stowed unobtrusively in a secret tray under the rear seat.

“ In our search for space, we developed an ultra-compact air-conditioning unit and repositioned the heater blower unit normally found in the front passenger foot well, to the centre of the instrument panel. Designers then went so far as to make the glove box detachable. This created a significant amount of space for the front passenger seat to slide forward. Thin front seatbacks were also newly developed, giving them a concave form to increase rear seat legroom. This meant that more legroom for rear seat occupants could be created. Our efforts have paid off and people who sit in the iQ remark on how spacious it feels.”

Hiroki Nakajima, Chief Engineer of the iQ

iQ’s six major space-saving innovations:

1. Front-mounted differential
2. Centre take-off steering gear
3. Flat under-floor fuel tank
4. 4 Ultra-slim seat design
5. Ultra-compact heater/air conditioning unit
6. Asymmetric dashboard design

“ Every millimetre we can move the pedals forward is very important. So five years ago we embarked upon an exercise in extreme packaging improvement as part of the iQ project. And the lessons learnt here will be applied to other future Toyota models,”

Hiroki Nakajima, Chief Engineer of the iQ

1) Front-mounted differential

The forward placement of the differential in front of the engine means the distance from the tip of the bumper to the accelerator pedal could be reduced by 120 mm. This ingenious location of the differential brings 3-fold advantages: the under-bonnet area is made more compact; the front wheels can be placed at the very corners of the car, which drastically shortens the front overhang

2) Centre take-off steering

The new iQ uses a central take-off steering gear that is positioned higher and further back in the engine bay. The engine compartment could then be reduced considerably, further shortening the front overhang. This is made possible, because the steering rack tie rods are connected to the centre of the steering rack, rather than to both ends of the steering rack like in the case of Yaris and AYGO. This allowed the engineers to accommodate the engine underneath.

3) Flat under-floor fuel tank

On the new Toyota iQ, the conventional fuel tank located under the rear seats has been replaced by an ultra-slim underfloor tank of only 120 mm height. This allows the rear wheels to be placed 440mm further forward. In addition the rear shock absorbers cleverly slope backwards to stop them encroaching on rear seat space.

Traditionally, a flat tank was considered difficult to engineer successfully, because of the variance in fuel surface levels depending on the angle of the car, for instance, when the car is parked on a slope. However, persistent engineering efforts to downsize and find the optimal placement of functional parts have resulted in a flat fuel tank that creates significant space savings and also reduces the centre of gravity of the car.

Toyota engineers developed a special horizontal fuel pump, fuel suction inlets in both fuel pump and canister, and fuel level indicators are located in the centre of the fuel tank and were developed to ensure an accurate fuel level. iQ’s new fuel tank has 32 litre capacity which is enough for more than 700km of range for the 1.0-litre engine.

4) Ultra-slim seat design

The slimness of the iQ seat backs release a further 40mm of rear passenger room at knee height so that rear passengers can sit more comfortably. With an all-new frame structure and optimal adjustment of ancillary parts, the slimmer seat designs save space without sacrificing comfort. In its drive to save weight Toyota has designed high tensile steel seat frames that save 1 kg per seat.

5) Space-saving heater/air conditioning unit

Toyota engineers have managed to significantly reduce the size of the heater/air conditioning unit without sacrificing performance output. As a result of the size reduction, the passenger-side area of the asymmetric dashboard could be moved forward and centrally towards the windscreen base, freeing up additional cabin space. The overall size of the unit has been reduced by 20% with no reduction in performance. A smaller blower fan, improved air flow by re-routing air passages within the unit and a more compact air filter made this possible.

6) Asymmetric dashboard / sliding seat configuration

The iQ’s innovative asymmetric dashboard was designed to open up the passenger area. Here the passenger instrument panel, which traditionally housed the large air-conditioning unit has been reshaped. This gives an extra 130mm of passenger legroom compared with Yaris, enabling the seat to be moved backwards and forwards. In addition, the glove box in a conventional car has been removed, but can be replaced by a detachable briefcase if necessary.

The pushed-forward and step-like structure of the dashboard provides sufficient space for the front passenger when the seat is set at its most forward position while comfortably accommodating an adult in the rear seat.

  Driving performance — iQ is a ‘serious driving machine’

• Strong body, short overhangs
• Weight saving engineering
• Compact and lightweight MacPherson front suspension
• Torsion beam rear suspension
• Electric power steering
• Steering Assist Vehicle Stability Control VSC+
• 15” alloy wheels

The new iQ is much more than the world’s smallest sophisticated four-seater. Leading similar cars in driving performance, the iQ is quick, agile and great fun in curves. But also stable and safe on motorways at speeds up to 170 km/h.

The iQ offers quick and nimble handling in urban environments and a level of motorway stability previously unimaginable for a vehicle of its size. Innovative driving dynamics have been achieved by a combination of a new platform, innovative suspension/steering and leading-edge aerodynamics.

An extremely small turning radius of 3.9 metres, made possible by the innovative positioning of front wheels and engine, further enhances iQ’s appeal, even in narrow city streets.

The iQ maintains high stability at all speeds due to characteristics such as a high front suspension caster angle, reduced front suspension torsional stiffness and the amount of roll steer and rigidity maintained in the rear suspension. And despite its very short wheelbase, the iQ ensures straight line braking stability when applying the brakes in an emergency situation.

Strong body, short overhangs

Through innovative design, iQ engineers reduced overhangs to a minimum and located the car’s major mass between the front and rear wheels to improve handling and controllability. This design philosophy, borrowed from racing car design, also makes the iQ great fun to drive.

The iQ prototype spent thousands of hours in computer simulations and hundreds of hours in the wind tunnel to make sure the production model has class-leading aerodynamics. Its low drag coefficient of 0.30 for the 1.0-litre petrol manual transmission boosts high-speed stability and top speed whilst reducing fuel consumption and wind noise.

Weight saving engineering

Toyota engineers examined nearly every part of the iQ with sophisticated computer simulation techniques in the quest to reduce weight. Weight reduction leads to both more driving pleasure and lower fuel consumption.

Great effort also went into reducing the weight of the torsion beam. Here Toyota was able to reduce the weight by 3.5kg. And by adopting an innovative “cross-shaped” rear wheel flange engineers were able to save another kilo of metal.

Engineers also developed the world’s lightest exhaust system among front engine front drive cars that weighs only 6kg - achieved through the usage of a long tailpipe and only one main low-resonance muffler – and not an additional sub-muffler. Furthermore, this contributes to a low floor – therefore to lower overall vehicle height.

MacPherson front suspension

A new and specially designed MacPherson strut front suspension has been adopted for the iQ. This design gives a high level of handling stability and smooth ride comfort, despite the iQ’s short wheelbase. This compact and lightweight system was chosen to control the car’s large-diameter wheels and at the same time allow a class-leading minimum turning radius.

The MacPherson strut front suspension features a high 8.3° caster angle for more toe-out when lateral forces are applied, which basically means a more stable stance for the front wheels. By decreasing the stiffness of the steering arm, toe-out is added too when lateral forces increase, thus again adding to a high degree of stability. Both measures increase understeer and add to stability. Optimised geometry and damping force achieve maximum ride comfort and driving stability.

Torsion Beam rear suspension

A new torsion beam rear suspension has also been developed exclusively for the iQ too. It enables excellent stability at high speeds or in curves. A high level of suspension steer rigidity is ensured, minimising steering changes from the rear suspension. Rear end lifting is also limited when braking hard, while arm bushing characteristics and shock absorbers have been optimised for ride and low noise, vibration and harshness.

The suspension also supports the car’s compact packaging concept by delivering a class-leading tread, whilst the rear shock absorbers are cleverly rearward sloping to enable a wider cargo bay.

Electric Power Steering

A centre take-off steering rack and electric power steering system has been developed for the new iQ. A vehicle-speed sensing EPS (Electric Power Steering), as normally fitted to C-segment and upper cars is fitted on the iQ. The power to the steering is controlled based on vehicle speed to realize a steering sensation with light response during low speeds and moderate response as speeds increase.

This EPS system also interlinks with iQ steering assist Vehicle Stability Control system (VSC+). Compared to traditional hydraulic systems, power is only consumed when power assist is in action, leading to excellent fuel economy as the engine is not having to maintain hydraulic pressure all the time. The 15:1 gear ratio system achieves a quick response steering feel with ensured yaw rate gain when driving in the city at low to medium speeds and offers stable handling at high speeds on the motorway by giving a low yaw rate gain for safe braking and high speed stability. A tilt steering column is also adopted to accommodate different driver positions.

15” alloy wheels

The new iQ comes with large diameter wheels suited to its unique super stance design. 175/65R15 wheels will be fitted to the 1.0-litre petrol and 1.4-litre diesel models. These will be fitted with either Bridgestone or Yokohama tyres.

“Low rolling resistance” Bridgestone tyres were specially selected for the 1.0-litre iQ.

This combination of advanced tyres and alloy hubs give a refined drive, not normally associated with the small wheels of compact cars. A tyre repair kit is supplied in substitution for a spare wheel. The 15” alloy wheel is also available in a high gloss version.

  Innovative drivetrain technology — featuring Toyota Optimal Drive

• Toyota Optimal Drive concept
• 1.0-litre petrol and 1.4-litre diesel at launch
• 1.33-litre petrol engine with Stop & Start ­technology arrives 2009
• Brand new Multidrive or 5 speed ­transmission for 1.0-litre VVT-i
• 6 speed transmission on 1.4-litre D-4D
• CO2 emissions start at 99g/km
• All engines meet Euro IV regulation and are ready for Euro V.

Alongside the vastly improved sustainability at Toyota’s plants, lasting CO2 reductions will be achieved mainly by a range of new hybrid models and the new raft of petrol, diesel and transmission technologies introduced at the 2008 Paris Motor Show.T oyota Optimal Drive is intended to:

• Reduce harmful emissions
• Increase fuel efficiency
• Not compromise on driving pleasure
• Be standard on new model launches

Unlike many other carmakers, Toyota has chosen to innovate and develop new technologies, rather than just downsizing or detuning existing technology.

Built on the company’s legendary “Kaizen” tradition of constant optimisation, Toyota engineers have improved combustion efficiency, reduced engine/transmission weight, and friction, to produce new engines that produce more power, yet at the same time are more efficient and economical.

In short, the technologies are great fun to drive, but at the same time kind to the planet.

Three types of engine (a 1.0-litre petrol, 1.33-litre petrol*, and 1.4-litre diesel) are available on the new iQ, each with their own distinctive characteristics and clearly defined advantages.

• The 1.0-litre petrol engine achieves the best fuel efficiency, producing 99g CO2/km by European CO2 emissions standards – the first time a four-seat petrol car has broken the 100g CO2/km mark.
• The 1.4-litre diesel, on the other hand, has an excellent power-weight ratio, boasting class-leading performance.
• Finally, the biggest feature of the larger 1.33-litre petrol engine is the harmony it provides between fuel efficiency and performance.
• On top of this, a Multidrive transmission is being introduced for models with the 1.0-litre or 1.33-litre petrol engines. Rarely seen in the European compact car class, Multidrive ensures smooth city driving and low fuel consumption.

*The line-off for the 1.33-litre petrol engine models is scheduled for June 2009.

1.0-litre VTT-i petrol engine

The 1.0-litre petrol engine achieves top-level power output of 68hp and delivers 91Nm of torque at 4,800rpm. Combined with the high ratio 5 speed manual transmission, the 3-cylinder inline unit delivers excellent fuel economy of 4.3 l/100km and CO2 emissions of just 99g/km for the 1.0-litre engine 5 speed manual transmission. This power unit can also be specified with Multidrive, with CO2 emissions slightly higher at 110g/km. Installed on the AYGO, this engine already received the much acclaimed ‘Engine of the Year’ award in 2008 in the ‘sub 1.0-litre’ class.

For class-leading fuel consumption and emissions, the engine adopts a charge control system to enhance fuel economy.

Developed from the award-winning AYGO and Yaris model, for the new iQ, Toyota engineers changed the slant to 21.5° forward, reshaped the intake manifold, integrated an air cleaner into the fan shroud, as well as relocating the air conditioner compressor as part of the compact packaging concept.

The 1.0-litre petrol engine is fitted with Variable Valve Timing – intelligent 
(VVT-i), a computer-controlled system, which ensures that the engine breathes with maximum efficiency under all conditions. This highly advanced technology not only varies the amount of air the engine needs to suit different conditions, it also ensures the most efficient fuel burn. The result is maximum power generation, better fuel economy, lower emissions and improved throttle responses.

To improve fuel consumption levels to class-leading levels, electrical Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) has been fitted to the 1.0-litre VVT-i engine, low viscosity 0W-20 lubricating oil is used and a water jacket spacer had been added. This plastic water jacket spacer placed in the cylinder controls the water flow in order to evenly distribute the cylinder surface temperature and reduce oil film thickness on it. As a result, oil viscosity at the bottom side of cylinder is improved which reduces piston friction.

CO2 emissions of 99g/km

The 1.0-litre VVT-i 5 speed manual transmission version is fitted with low resistance tyres to help reduce CO2 emissions to 99g/km. In addition an Eco driving indicator informs the driver whether they are using the car’s accelerator in an eco-friendly manner, and helps support a low emissions driving style. Current and average fuel consumption is also routinely shown, enabling drivers to achieve efficient fuel bills.

The Gear Shift Indicator indicates to the driver when to shift the gear up or down for optimal environmental performance. The system takes into account the driving conditions, including the level that the accelerator pedal is pressed and the vehicle speed. This indicator may result in 0.5% to 3% fuel consumption reduction compared to normal gear shifting, though the potential for improvement is, of course, dependent on the driver’s personal driving habits.

Multidrive (Continuous Variable Transmission)

Available on both petrol engines, Toyota’s innovative Multidrive delivers an incredibly smooth ‘shift feel‘ while optimising the balance of fuel economy and performance. It continuously monitors and selects the most appropriate gear ratio and shifting speed, automatically eliminating ‘shift shock’. It maximises available engine torque without unnecessary acceleration, as well as smoothing shifts – for example, limiting uphill shifts and executing downhill shifts to achieve optimum engine brake force. Multidrive delivers the city-friendly characteristics of automatic transmission with urban cycle fuel consumption.

Upgraded 1.4-litre D-4D diesel engine

The 1.4-litre D-4D diesel engine features latest generation common rail 
technology with an intercooled Variable Nozzle turbocharger. Power output is an impressive 90hp and it delivers maximum torque of 190Nm at 1800-3200rpm. It’s coupled with a 6 speed manual transmission for an optimum balance of acceleration and low fuel consumption. Fuel consumption is only 4.0l/100km with a class leading 104g/km CO2 emissions with DPF (Diesel Particular Filter)

(notes: for CCO, 3.9l/100km & 103gCO2/km,both are tentative)

Also installed with a forward tilt by 21.5°, this innovative diesel uses Piezo injector technology, the latest common rail system and turbocharger for drastically improved low-end torque, top level fuel consumption and clean emissions.

The iQ’s diesel engine features an exceptionally high injection pressure of 160MPa. This results in minimal noise and vibration and allows exceptionally uniform combustion. It also means more power, torque and economy, and contributes to extremely low NOx and particulate emissions.

The 1.4-litre D-4D Diesel engine features piezo-electric injectors that can inject larger, more precise volumes of diesel at twice the speed of conventional fuel injectors. The result is a substantial increase in power and torque. And because of their high operating speed, they can deliver separate injections per combustion cycle. This includes a pilot injection to reduce diesel noise, which makes the iQ exceptionally smooth and quiet.

Advanced safety, featuring the world’s first rear window curtain shield airbag

• Anti-lock braking system (ABS) and Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD)
• Brake Assist (BA) and Traction Control (TRC)
• Steering Assist Vehicle Stability Control VSC+
• Multi-load path body structure
• Engineered to reach 5-star Euro NCAP
• 9 airbags including world’s first rear window curtain shield airbag
• Toyota’s aim is to work towards a society that is free from traffic accidents and injuries in the future. Since safety is one of the most important features of the iQ, Toyota has integrated many new technologies.

The new iQ is equipped with a wide range of advanced braking systems that make this a very safe car to drive. The idea behind the technology is to keep the iQ out of an accident in the first place.

Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) is standard, of course, and provides the foundation for a number of other more advanced braking and traction control systems.

Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD)

EBD is a standard feature on the iQ. Depending on the driving conditions, EBD works with ABS to ensure that the most effective brake force is applied to each wheel, according to road conditions. By preventing the wheels from locking, EBD helps to maintain sure-footed stability during cornering and braking.

Brake Assist (BA)

Research shows that in some emergency braking situations many drivers fail to apply sufficient force to the brake pedal, or release brake pressure too soon. If either of these situations occurs, the BA fitted to the iQ anticipates the need for extra braking force and applies it automatically.

Traction Control (TRC)

Standard Traction control heightens the iQ’s ability to grip the road. It’s an important safety aid in many situations, particularly when you are travelling over slippery or uneven road surfaces.

The system monitors and controls the amount of power that is applied to the road through the iQ’s wheels. If it detects that one or more wheels are starting to spin and lose traction – on a wet or muddy surface, for instance – the system’s skid control computer instantly determines the best way to restore traction to that wheel. Typically, this might be by automatically decreasing the power being sent to the wheel that’s about to spin. In more extreme cases, the system might momentarily apply the brake to the wheel until it regains traction.

Steering Assist Vehicle Stability Control VSC+

VSC+ is standard on iQ and will prevent loss of control of the car in certain situations – for example, if you enter a corner too fast or encounter slippery conditions which might lead to a skid.

The system acquires data from a host of sensors placed strategically throughout the iQ. These include: wheel rotation speed, brake pressure and car body movement. If the system calculates that the driver is about to lose control of the car, it will apply various stability and safety systems to varying degrees. In a skid, for example, the system will judiciously apply the brakes and even adjust steering torque to enable the driver to regain control of the car.

Multi-load path body structure

One of the most critical engineering features on any small car is the passenger protection cell. For the new iQ, engineers developed a new occupant protection system based on Toyota’s innovative Multi-load path body system. In the event of a collision, iQ uses a system of six countermeasures to overcome any impact:

1. The iQ engine was placed towards the rear of the engine bay, giving more room for an energy absorbing structure at the front of the front side members. In a serious collision the engine would also function as a barrier, reducing the impact to the passenger cell.
2. The location of the front tyres right at the front of iQ gives valuable initial protection in the event of a frontal collision.
3. By using the suspension member side rail in addition to the standard collision area formed by the front side member, the total energy absorption capacity has been increased.
4. By attaching the rear part of the front suspension member to the body in four places, the load from the front side members can be transmitted to the cross member.
5. Body strength was increased even more by connecting front side members and rocker together directly.
6. Strengthening across the dashboard area means impact forces toward the cabin are distributed more evenly and effectively.

5-Star Euro NCAP target

The iQ features a totally new, high-rigidity platform with a robust safety structure capable of absorbing a high degree of impact energy. iQ has been created with the express aim of achieving class-leading safety in terms of full-frontal, offset, side and rear collisions. In addition the iQ is intended to achieve a maximum 5-star rating for adult passenger and 3-star pedestrian protection in the Euro NCAP crash test programme.

The front bonnet shape and height, and the collapsible cowl construction are designed to deform in the case of an impact to help mitigate potential pedestrian injury.

9 airbags

For world-class safety performance a total of nine airbags are provided as standard equipment. These consist of seven different types: a newly developed rear window curtain shield airbag (world first), two side airbags, one front passenger seat cushion airbag, one driver knee airbag and two curtain shield airbags, in addition to driver and front passenger airbags. With this, the iQ is positioned to offer a world-class level of safety performance for a compact car.

All nine airbags on the iQ were specially developed for the car, using the idea of miniaturisation to adapt them to the smaller cabin so as not to compromise on safety. The side airbags are bigger while the others are smaller.

SRS Driver front airbag and knee airbag

The driver’s front airbag and knee airbag were specially tailored to match iQ’s compact form. As the knee airbag is closer to the driver’s knee, the airbag volume can be reduced as well as the deployment time – this reduces knee slide.

SRS Twin chamber passenger airbag

For the iQ passenger airbag Toyota developed a new kind of ‘twin chamber bag’. A world first for this class of car. First seen on Lexus sedans, this technology acts like a baseball glove to actually “catch” the passenger who usually travels further in a collision than the driver.

SRS Seat cushion airbag (Toyota first)

Another Toyota first, the front seat cushion airbag inflates under the passenger’s thigh to spread and reduce the impact to head and chest by reducing the movement of the hip with the seatbelt during a possible collision. Because of the large space between the instrument panel and the passenger’s knees, Toyota could not use a conventional knee airbag to restrain the front seat passenger. A switch is available to turn it off for use with a child seat.

SRS Front and Rear side airbags

Side airbags are in place to protect from side impact as the front passengers are closer to the door and therefore more at risk from a possible side collision. These airbags are divided through differently coated silicon bags into pelvis and chest area, as both parts of the body need different kinds of pressure for protection (pelvis high pressure, chest lower pressure).

SRS Curtain shield airbags

Large curtain shield airbags are installed above the front and rear windows on each side of the car to protect front and rear iQ passengers and driver in the event of a side-on collision.

SRS Rear window curtain shield airbag (world first)

The iQ is the first model in the market to feature a rear window curtain shield airbag along the rear window – as there is only a small space between the rear window and the occupants their heads need to be protected. If a rear impact occurs, first the airbag deploys between the roof panel and roof headlining, then it deploys further from the rear edge of the roof headlining along the rear window to protect the passenger’s head. As you would expect on a car designed to carry children, the rear seats are also fitted with Isofix connection points.

Aspirational grade strategy

• Two grades available: ‘iQ’ and ‘iQ2’
• Available in Pearl White, Black Mica and Amethyst
• Attractive launch package and fabrics
• High level of standard equipment
• Leather-covered, low profile steering wheel
• 6-speaker audio plays MP3 and WMA formats
• Stylish LED lighting

iQ is unusually well-equipped. At launch, there will be two levels of trim: iQ and “iQ2’. The advanced equipment fitted on iQ2, reads like the specifications of a larger car.

Available in Pearl White, Black Mica and Amethyst

On its launch the iQ will be available with Pearl White, Black Mica or Amethyst (purple) paintwork. Other colours and a range of exciting styling kits will become available after the launch phase.

Fabric, fabric/leather, or leather seats

Front slim seatbacks with integrated headrests enhance the edgy feel of the iQ and assist in freeing up additional passenger space. They are extremely comfortable, and are actually wider and offer more equal back support than on Yaris.

Seats are finished in either tough-wearing fabric, half-leather or perforated leather. As an option the front seats can also be heated. Large ergonomically-placed handles on both sides of the seats allow easy access for rear seat passengers. Both front seats also travel backwards and forwards on smooth yet solid rail systems. The slide length on the iQ front passenger sear is 50mm longer than that on the driver's seat of the Yaris, making it comfortable to get in and out.

Ergonomic flexibility and utility

Alongside seatbelts and Isofix child seat sockets, the rear seat area offers two conveniently located cupholders and the chance to stretch one’s feet out between the two front seats, due to the innovative positioning of the gearshift and handbrake. At the front the driver and passenger have one central cup-holder and one bottle holder in each door.

A secret tray is neatly concealed below the rear seat, and along with the deck box placed behind the rear seat, provides more storage without sacrificing cabin space. For more luggage capacity the 50/50 split rear seats can be separately folded flat to increase the available load area.

High level of standard equipment

Already the ‘iQ’ grade offers customers a very high level of standard equipment. The tilt function steering wheel as well as the gearshift knob is covered in soft, tactile black leather. The ‘techno-organic’ feel is underscored by high quality grained trim on the dashboard and console areas, with softly textured black material in front of the passenger, and on the gearshift and handbrake stalks.

Manual air conditioning is standard, as are 15’’ alloy wheels and electric and body coloured outer door mirrors. Power windows, privacy glass and radio-CD further add to the high degree of features.

Leather-covered, low profile steering wheel

The leather-covered steering wheel is also standard on the new iQ, and is flat-bottomed (10mm taken off the radius) to provide the driver with greater legroom. Audio controls are located on the wheel to save space on the centre cluster and to offer a high-level of convenience for the driver. Grip is wide and soft and designers included two finger rest areas that make long trips more relaxing.

6-speaker audio plays MP3 and WMA formats

Full audio controls are integrated on the steering wheel with an innovative joystick-like control button. Volume, audio source, track and channel selection are shown in the multi-information display right in front of the driver to minimise unnecessary eye movement. This allows the 6-speaker, MP3 and WMA (Windows Media Audio) -compatible audio system to take up minimal space, with just the CD slot and eject button located in the centre cluster. A discreet mini-jack is provided for portable MP3 and iPOD players. Front and rear speakers are located seamlessly and 2.5 cm tweeters are positioned strategically on the front door handles for optimum sound.

LED lighting

An innovative lighting module, fitted over the driver and front seat passenger, uses a white energy-saving LED to give an elegant and calm atmosphere. This technology delivers 1.5 times more light and pivots for a broader illumination range – achieving a high level of design and functionality.

The new iQ can also be ordered with an electro-chromatic rear view mirror that automatically adjusts the degree of reflection of the inner mirror in accordance with the strength of light from vehicles behind.

“iQ2” standard equipment

In the ‘iQ2’ grade version, the air conditioning becomes automatic, with just a single dial to control all functions. Smart Entry allows keyless access to driver and passenger doors and the boot area, and is coupled with a push-start button for more convenience.

There are both rain sensors and dusk sensors as well as heated retractable door mirrors and electro-chromatic rear view mirror. Further on this grade, the iQ’s distinctive headlamps are enhanced by smoked outer glass with high-intensity bi-halogen bulbs. Front fog lamps are fitted as well as high gloss 15’’ alloys. The rear light design is also highlighted with a touch of chrome in the cluster.

iQ Optional features

For all grades of iQ, owners can also elect extra luxury features from the following list: Leather/fabric seats (fabric is standard), all leather seats, briefcase type glovebox, navigation system (radio not fitted here) and navigation with USB connection.

The compact and sophisticated touch screen satellite navigation, integrated with the audio system is optional. It features both Bluetooth for hands-free operation, MP3/iPOD connection and an SD card slot to upload European countries maps.

* The airbag counting method is based on counting the inflators of the airbags.

  Low NVH, legendary Toyota quality

• Acoustic windshield
• Advanced aerodynamics to reduce turbulence and noise
• High-quality materials and finish

To achieve a refined feel that surpasses all other small car offerings, meticulous attention was paid to the quality finish of interior and exterior details. The consistency and quality of the design elements create the edgy refined feel expressed by the “On-the-Edge Value” design concept. Furthermore, to achieve high level NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) performance, the iQ goes beyond simply securing a class-leading level of interior quietness by delicately balancing the amount of road, engine, and wind noise to control sound quality inside the cabin.

3-layer acoustic windshield

The iQ features an advanced 3-layer acoustic windshield to insulate the cabin and reduce noise. Designed to stop noise, the laminated glass consists of a soft inter layer in between the two layers of glass – this interlayer consists of a prevention film between 2 layers of standard film. In the mid-to-high frequency range the noise level is reduced by up to 20%.

In addition, iQ engineers also developed a clever way of using the air gap between the bonnet panel insulation and the engine cover to improve sound insulation from the engine.

Advanced aerodynamics

A closer look at the Toyota iQ reveals many intelligent design features that combine to reduce drag, noise and fuel consumption. This holistic aerodynamic package gives the iQ a very low drag coefficient starting from 0.30.

Attention to detail is everywhere: Protrusions on the front bumpers not only protect the car in tight urban parking spaces, but also deflect air toward the top of the vehicle to reduce drag. iQ also has underfloor panels covering the fuel tank, and rear floor pan to help reduce drag and in turn lower noise. More difficult to spot is the cover on the radiator supports that again reduces turbulence. Carefully placed spats reduce turbulence around the tyres and wheels.

By widening and thickening the A-pillar moulding, the gap between the pillar and the moulding has been reduced meaning smoother airflow to the rear of the vehicle. However, Toyota also made sure to reduce A-pillar blind spots, that in turn enhanced driving visibility. Each C-pillar is fitted with a deflector fin that reduces the drag coefficient by stopping air “sticking” to the rear end of the car.

Rear light lenses also integrate a small spoiler. Drag has also been reduced by using a raised chamfer on the rear roof section that helps to separate the airflow from the vehicle and reduce drag.

The wheel arches are also carefully lined and fitted with spats to reduce turbulence as the wheels rotate. iQ engineers also developed a special foam material to insulate the frame cavities in the car to reduce noise.

Underneath iQ, based on the results from wind tunnel tests they fit]]> Fri, 28 Nov 2008 14:52:00 +0100 https://content.presspage.com/uploads/1523/500_iq-det-005-08-831455.jpg?10000 https://content.presspage.com/uploads/1523/iq-det-005-08-831455.jpg?10000 https://newsroom.toyota.eu/2008-iq-on-paris-motor-show/ https://newsroom.toyota.eu/2008-iq-on-paris-motor-show/327950Today the final production model of the new iQ makes its world debut in Paris – one of the great European cities this revolutionary vehicle was created for.

Last seen as a near-final design at this year’s Geneva Motor Show, few cars are so radical in the thinking behind their design, that they start to question the very nature and purpose of motorised transport as we know it today. Yet, this was the starting point for iQ, a city car so innovative that Toyota see it – like Prius – as a major milestone in future vehicle developments.

iQ turns conventional thinking on its head. It does not compromise in terms of space, fun or comfort, because when potentially conflicting requirements were identified during the design and planning stage, Toyota engineers went to extraordinary lengths to redesign, reengineer or relocate components to maintain the original goals of the concept.

iQ totally redefines what a car should be for today’s congested cities and rising environmental consciousness. Its CO2 emissions start at 99g/km. Yet it is still a fun car to drive, with outstanding dynamics and features advanced powertrain technology.

Hiroki Nakajima, Chief Engineer of the iQ project, explains, “For the development of the iQ, my search for a design concept befitting a stylish and small sophisticated car began by envisioning the customer. My theory was that the group of people most suited to this car’s style, small size and premium edge would be described as ‘post-modern’ – people who demonstrate independence in their choice of lifestyle and values.

Tomorrow’s iQ drivers will be young affluent city dwellers – either singles or couples, mostly without children, and with a taste for striking design. They will have a concern for the environment, but are not prepared to compromise on looks, style or performance. iQ’s highly individual style, urban practicality and superior performance will appeal to them emotionally as well as rationally.The first iQ models will take to the streets early in 2009. Toyota expects yearly iQ sales volumes to be around 80,000 units in Europe.

The world’s smallest four-seater less than 3 metres in length

• Ingenious packaging
• The ultimate expression of J-factor
• Refined attention to quality

Five years ago, Toyota began to work on radically improving vehicle packaging. The project focused on developing breakthrough new solutions through the miniaturisation of a vehicle’s key features. The outcome of this project formed the basis for the development of the iQ.

The objective was to create a new kind of city car – one that would seat four people within an overall length of less than 3 metres. Crucially, it was to be a landmark solution – one with long-term influence on Toyota’s future vehicle development. The result is iQ – the ultimate expression of refined yet environmentally friendly urban mobility.

The extraordinary interior space – in a car just 2,985mm long, 1,500mm high and 1,680mm wide – is a tribute to the determination and ingenuity of Toyota’s design and engineering team.

Carrying four people, for instance 3 adults and a child, in comfort and safety at motorway speeds up to 170 km/h (1.4 litre D-4D) is just the beginning of the iQ story. By starting with a clean sheet of paper, Toyota has created an ingenious and distinctive new city car. With its proportionally large wheelbase of 2,000mm, its compact yet muscular ‘super stance’ look, the iQ looks like no other car before.

iQ represents the very essence of Toyota’s J-factor heritage. Toyota explains the J-factor as those elements of Japanese aesthetics that are universally admired, and which inspire designers around the world. It includes the creative miniaturisation of product design and unadorned minimalism.Most importantly, it involves bringing contradictory elements – such as ‘small yet spacious’ or ‘hi-tech yet human’ – into harmony.

J-factor is the foundation of the Toyota design philosophy – Vibrant Clarity – which enables the resolution of long-standing paradoxes: such as how to create vehicles that are both energised and dynamic, but at the same time rational and ingenious.

One of the three key elements of Vibrant Clarity design is ‘Freeform Geometrics’, which can be seen throughout the techno-organic design of iQ. A good interior example is energy of the flowing ‘Manta ray’ styling on the iQ’s centre console.

The exterior reflects another of these elements – a ‘Perfect Imbalance of Proportions’. Here, the large wheels placed on the most extreme corners of the vehicle bring about a robust stance belying the compact size of the car.

True to the aesthetic minimalism of J-factor, the launch edition of iQ will be available in three exterior colours: pearl white, metallic black and amethyst .

Attention to detail in the manufacture of iQ is reflected in every tactile contact surface, the micro-fine tolerances between components and a comprehensive feeling of sophistication.

An engineering jewel —six innovations leading to a packaging breakthrough

1. New front-mounted differential allowing extra space
2. Centre take-off steering gear for compactness
3. Low profile, 120mm-high under-floor fuel tank
4. New ultra-slim seats for greater leg room
5. 20% smaller heater/air conditioning unit
6. Asymmetric dashboard design and sliding seat configuration

The explanation of the iQ’s remarkable interior volume lies in its comparatively long wheelbase of 2,000mm, and short overhangs – 530mm at the front and 455mm at the rear. Interior length from the rear end of the instrument panel to the hip point of the rear seats is an impressive 1238mm. Yet to achieve this breakthrough in packaging, six space-saving engineering innovations had to be developed.

1 The front-mounted differential integrated in a conventional transmission layout allowed the iQ to be built with an ultra-short front overhang. This reduced the overall length while increasing the length of the passenger compartment. This ingenious solution not only reduces the space required for the engine compartment area; it also allows the large diameter front wheels to be placed at the corners of the vehicle. This also shortens the overhangs which in turn improves stability and manoeuvrability.

2 Employing centre take-off steering gear and placing it higher in the engine bay facilitated transmission, engine and differential repositioning. The engine compartment could then be reduced considerably, further shortening the front overhang.

3 Traditionally, fuel tanks are placed under the rear seats of cars. By making the fuel tank flat, reducing it to only 120mm in height, and solving the problems of rapidly varying fuel surface levels normally posed by such a design, the tank could be relocated under the floor. The capacity of the iQ under-floor fuel tank is 32 litres and this allows ample range. By also angling the rear shock absorbers backwards, the rear interior space could be increased.

4 The slimness of iQ seat backs frees up a further 40mm of rear passenger room at knee height, enabling rear passengers to sit more comfortably. The seats weigh up to 30% less than conventional seats, contributing to fuel efficiency and low emissions. By using extruded pipe materials rather than high tensile steel sheet, the rigidity of the structure has been ensured. The slimmer seat designs, with integrated headrest, save space, but without sacrificing ride comfort or safety.

5 By reducing the size of the heater and air conditioning unit by 20% in comparison to Yaris, Toyota engineers made significant space savings without sacrificing performance. This enabled the blower unit, normally found in front of the passenger, to be integrated with the main heating and air conditioning unit in a central position. This space-saving innovation allowed the front passenger area to be moved forward, freeing up cabin space and increasing legroom.

6 iQ’s innovative asymmetric dashboard was designed to open up the whole cabin area. This provides ample legroom for the front passenger, even when the seat is set at its most forward position. The sliding seat configuration allows a 190cm tall adult to be comfortably accommodated in the rear seat behind a 190cm front passenger. iQ has a shoulder-to-shoulder distance between driver and passenger 50mm wider than Yaris - similar to that of a C-segment vehicle. This space and the unique seating configuration create ample room for three adults and, in addition, either a child or luggage behind the driver.

A serious driving machine with CO₂ emissions start at 99g/km

• Newly developed platform
• Two engines at launch, one additional engine in 2009
• Brand new Multidrive transmission
• CO₂ emissions start at 99g/km

Long before today’s increased focus on environmental friendly cars, Toyota has been working on redefining the development of its vehicle range to reduce environmental impact without compromising performance and driving dynamics. iQ is the ultimate result of these efforts. With emissions as low as 99g/km*, it is clearly a city car in the right place at the right time.

iQ is much more than the world’s smallest 4-seater car. It has excellent driving dynamics and delivers spirited performance.

An innovative and aerodynamic packaging has been achieved through a low overall height, low centre of gravity and wheels pushed out to the four corners of the car. In addition, this innovative combination results in agility at low speed and unprecedented stability on motorways or winding roads for a small car. A minimum turning radius of 3.9 metres further enhances its nimble handling, even in narrow city roads.

iQ is built on an all-new platform with McPherson strut front suspension, and a newly developed compact rear torsion beam. Together this provides dynamic handling performance, yet with a high degree of ride comfort. Careful suspension tuning enables the car to hug corners at speed, without losing stability.

Two engines will be available at launch – a 1.0 litre VVT-i petrol engine and a 1.4 litre D-4D engine. There is a choice of three types of transmission, including a newly developed ‘Multidrive’ transmission. All models conform to Euro IV regulations.

* 1.0 litre VVT-i, 5 M/T

The 1.0 VVT-i petrol engine, awarded ‘Engine of the Year’ in 2008 in the sub-1.0 litre class, achieves top-level power output of 68DINhp and delivers 91Nm of torque at 4,800rpm. Combined with a high ratio 5-speed manual transmission, the 3-cylinder lightweight inline unit delivers a fuel economy of 4,3l/100km* and CO2 emissions of just 99g/km*. This allows the iQ to remain under the 100 g/km taxation threshold in major European markets, resulting in a yearly tax saving of around 0 - 1000 Euro, depending on the country. This power unit can also be specified with the new Multidrive transmission, with emissions of 110g/km.

iQ’s innovative Multidrive transmission, Toyota’s latest continuously variable transmission technology, delivers an incredibly smooth ‘shift feel’ while optimising the balance of fuel economy and performance. It continuously monitors and selects the most appropriate gear ratio and shifting speed, automatically eliminating ‘shift shock’ or jumps while changing gear. It maximises available engine torque without unnecessary acceleration, as well as smoothing gear ratio changes – for example, limiting uphill shifts and executing downhill shifts to achieve optimum engine brake force. Multidrive delivers the city-friendly characteristics of an automatic transmission.

Multidrive models have an ECO driving indicator lamp on the multi-information display that encourages drivers to drive more economically by signalling when fuel and therefore CO2 are being saved. Current and average fuel consumption is also continuously shown.

The 1.4 D-4D diesel engine features the latest generation common rail technology with an intercooled turbocharger. Power output is an

* CO2 and fuel consumption values are subject to final homologation

impressive 90DINhp and it delivers maximum torque of 190Nm at 1,800 – 3,000rpm. It is coupled with a 6-speed manual transmission for an optimum balance of acceleration and low fuel consumption. Fuel consumption is only 4.1l/100km with CO2 emissions of 103g/km (and at 4.0l/100km and 104g/km when fitted with Diesel Particulate Filter)*.

A brand new 1.33 litre dual VVT-i petrol engine with stop-and-start-technology will be available later in 2009.

The Gear Shift Indicator fitted on manual transmission models indicates to the driver, when to shift up or down for optimal environmental performance. The system takes into account the driving conditions, including the level that the accelerator pedal is pressed and the vehicle speed. This indicator may result in a 0.5% to 3% fuel consumption reduction compared to normal gear shifting, depending on driver’s personal driving habits.

All three advanced iQ engines and transmissions have been developed under the ‘Toyota Optimal Drive’ Philosophy of delivering extremely low fuel consumption and emissions, without compromising on power or driving pleasure.

Many of iQ’s radical and innovative solutions will be adapted and evolved for future Toyota models. With its packaging innovations and advanced Toyota powertrain technologies, the iQ will form a major milestone in Toyota’s environmental commitment and continuous efforts to develop technologies, that reduce emissions to much lower levels. It is an essential part of Toyota’s challenge to achieve the Japanese Automobile Manufacturers Association’s (JAMA) voluntary commitment of 140g/km average fleet by 2009.

* CO2 and fuel consumption values are subject to final homologation

Outstanding active and passive safety levels

• High level of active safety features standard
• Multi load path body structure
• 9 airbags including the world’s first rear window curtain shield airbag
• 360º protection approach

iQ features sophisticated active and passive safety technology, that protects driver, passengers and pedestrians with a range of breakthrough measures rarely seen in a small vehicle.

Standard active safety technology across the range includes an Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), integrated with Brake Assist (BA) and Electronic Brake force Distribution (EBD) for maximum effectiveness and stability in an emergency braking situation.

Steering assist Vehicle Stability Control (VSC+) combined with Traction Control (TRC) actively helps the driver maintain control in critical or potentially dangerous situations. It is standard throughout the iQ range and incorporates Electric Power Steering Control, which co-ordinates the VSC with the electric power steering to minimise the risk of understeer or oversteer.

A new braking system has been developed with 255mm disc brakes at the front, and 180mm drum type or 259mm disc brakes at the rear, depending on the market. The 259mm disc brakes are standard on the diesel. For optimum collision safety and ‘braking feel’, a link type brake pedal is fitted.

iQ’s high strength body, developed under the principles of ‘Multi load path body structure’, is designed to efficiently absorb and disperse the energy of collision impacts. The Toyota-designed structure increases occupant protection by using 6 key elements for frontal collision impact of the body structure – including the suspension side rail and cross members, dashboard cross-member, and front tyres located as far forward as possible – to absorb and redistribute impact forces.

The front bonnet shape and height, and the collapsible cowl construction are designed to deform in the case of an impact to help mitigate potential pedestrian injury.

No fewer than 9 airbags are provided on all models to provide the ultimate safety level. Two front airbags are fitted for the driver and front passenger, the front passenger airbag being especially adapted with a twin-chamber structure with a lower pressure inflator to bridge the space between the passenger and the dashboard.

In the case of a front collision a compact knee airbag also protects the driver: by taking advantage of the short steering column, this can be located closer to the driver’s knee, reducing deployment time as well as volume needed. On the passenger side there is an innovative seat cushion airbag that works with the seatbelts to reduce and disperse force to head, chest and upper body. This airbag is far more effective at restraining hip movement than conventional knee airbags, given the asymmetric dashboard design.

In order to provide protection from side impacts there are also two front side airbags, specially developed to restrain the chest and pelvis at the same time. Additionally two side curtain shield airbags protect all four occupants from side impact to the head and neck. Emergency Locking Retractor (ELR) seatbelts are fitted to the front and rear seats with pre-tensioners and force-limiters for driver and front passenger.

One key “world first” breakthrough development on the new iQ is the SRS rear window curtain shield airbag. In the case of a rear collision, the airbag is deployed from the roof lining behind the rear headrests to reduce impact to rear occupants.

Isofix child seat anchors are also fitted to the rear seats. A high tensile strength steel seat frame construction with integrated headrests provides driver and front passenger with collision safety and whiplash protection performance equal to Toyota’s latest active headrest systems.

With this comprehensive 360 degree safety protection approach, Toyota aims at fulfilling the Euro NCAP 5-star rating.

Aspirational equipment features

• 2 grades available: ‘iQ’ and ‘iQ2’
• Refined specification level

Q is unusually well-equipped with two equipment levels: ‘iQ’ and ‘iQ2’. The advanced equipment fitted on iQ reads like the specification list of a much larger car.

The ‘iQ’ grade will offer customers a very competitive specification level. The tilt function steering wheel, as well as the gearshift knob, is covered in soft, tactile black leather. The ‘techno-organic’ feel is underscored by high quality two tone grained trim for the dashboard and console areas, with softly textured black material in front of the passenger seat, and on the gearshift stalk.

iQ comes with a 50/50 split rear seat bench, which can increase the available load area to 242l when both seats are folded. Below the rear seat bench is an easily-accessible ‘secret tray’, designed for storing smaller and more valuable possessions.

Manual air conditioning is standard, as are 15’’ alloy wheels and electric, body-coloured outer door mirrors. Power windows, privacy glass and radio/CD audio system further add to the high degree of features.

Full audio controls are integrated on the steering wheel with an innovative joystick-like control button. Volume, audio source, track and channel selection are shown in the multi-information display right in front of the driver to minimise unnecessary eye movement. This allows the 6-speaker, MP3 and WMA (Windows Media Audio) -compatible audio system to take up minimal space, with just the CD slot and eject button located in a low profile design on the striking ‘manta ray’ centre cluster. A discreet mini-jack is provided for portable MP3 players and iPods.

On the ‘iQ2’ grade version, the air conditioning is automatic, with just a single dial to control all functions. Smart Entry allows keyless access to driver and passenger doors and the boot area, and is coupled with a push-start button.

For maximum convenience, there are both rain sensors and dusk sensors as well as heated retractable door mirrors and an electro-chromatic rear view mirror. Further on this grade, the iQ’s distinctive headlamps are enhanced by smoked outer glass with high-intensity bi-halogen bulbs. Front fog lamps are fitted, while attractive high gloss 15’’ alloys round off this package. The rear light design is also highlighted with a touch of chrome in the cluster.

A compact and sophisticated touch screen full map navigation system, integrated with the audio system, is optional. It features both Bluetooth for hands-free operation, MP3/iPod connection and an SD card slot to upload European countries maps. Partial leather seats – including seat heaters - are also available as an option.

The iQ – Toyota’s radical new city car - will certainly soon be turning heads and stealing hearts on the streets of Rome, Paris, London, Madrid and Berlin – its playing fields.

• ‘J-Factor’ underpins iQ design

• Six unique space-saving engineering innovations represent a milestone in Toyota’s automotive engineering

• Revolutionary packaging concept provides ample space for a 3+1 seating configuration within a sub 3 metres length

• Small urban car with low emission engines and aerodynamics reduces environmental impact

• Manufacturing starts late 2008 with a global sales target of 100,000 vehicles for the first year of production

Design

World premiere of Toyota’s new urban car: the iQ

Toyota is world-premiering the production design of the new iQ at the Geneva Motor Show. First shown as the Concept Car iQ at last year’s Frankfurt Motor Show, the iQ will go into production during late 2008.

The new iQ is a sophisticated car, representing the ultimate refined urban mode of transportation. Thanks to its ingenious and revolutionary packaging it measures less than three metres in length, yet has a flexible interior space that allows up to three adults, plus a child or luggage to travel comfortably.

 The name iQ is the best representation of what the car embodies. “i” stands for individuality, whilst at the same time also expressing “innovation” and “intelligence”. “Q” stands for “quality” and also suggesting that its “cubic” stature gives a “cue” to new value and lifestyle.

The iQ delivers dynamism and stability despite its small size. It challenges conventional thinking through a design that is forward-looking, intelligent and energetic, while retaining clarity of purpose and function.

The marvel of the iQ’s ingenuity is in its revolutionary packaging, which is the result of six space-saving but inter-linked engineering innovations that represent a break-through in Toyota’s automotive vehicle development.

“The iQ story started a few years ago when we at Toyota began thinking of the environmental impact of automobiles. We came to the conclusion that, in order to ensure a sustainable future, there was a need for a radical change in vehicle packaging. We needed to create a break-through, away from the traditional belief that small is basic. Our answer to this is Toyota iQ,” says Kazuo Okamoto, Executive Vice President, in charge of Research and Development at Toyota Motor Corporation.

The iQ is designed to cater for the needs of buyers who seek more than just urban mobility but demand space and refinement in an environmentally-friendly vehicle.

J-Factor design

The design of the new iQ has its origin in Japan with J-Factor influences at its core. Toyota explains J-Factor as that aspect of Japanese originality and quality that creates modern, attractive, and globally appealing products from the apparent disharmony and contradictory nature of its original components. Expressions such as ‘small yet spacious’, ‘high-tech yet human’ and ‘emotional yet functional’ are all examples of what Toyota calls J-Factor.

Although iQ is less than three metres in length, measuring 2,985mm precisely, it has a spacious interior. And while the ingenious packaging requires hi-tech solutions, the human appeal is in the requirement to meet intelligent urban transportation needs.

Drawing inspiration from J-Factor, Toyota has developed a unique design language called Vibrant Clarity. Vibrant Clarity is the key to answering the long-standing paradox of designing vehicles that are both energised and dynamic, but at the same time rational and ingenious. The word Vibrant represents a more forward-looking, vital nature that expresses the feeling of energy.

Clarity symbolises all that is fresh, clean and simple, stressing the rational aspect in the design equation - keeping the design crisp, the functionality intact and ensuring that the concept is easily understandable.This Vibrant Clarity design philosophy infuses cars with an emotional intensity that is uniquely identifiable as a Toyota.

The iQ contains three key elements of Vibrant Clarity design

Perfect imbalance of proportions: a simple and daring exterior with a strong contrast between the stable and robust stance provided by the iQ’s width and the shortness of its overall length.

Integrated component architecture where each unit contributes to the overall design: the structure around the tyres forms part of the minimal front and rear overhangs, a synergy that conveys both strength and agility.

Freeform geometrics: the exterior surfaces are almost mathematical in their cleanliness and precision, but also possess movement and emotion to make the design fresh and contemporary.

Robust yet refined styling for the iQ’s urban environment

The four wheels - placed at the extremities of each corner - give the iQ a self-assured ‘super stance’. At just 2,985mm in length, but with a proportionally larger wheelbase of 2,000mm, the iQ is small in size, but unlike a small car possesses a confident on-road appearance.

The iQ’s robustness is further enhanced by the tough-looking bumpers. Strong vertical lines define the rear view of the iQ, while the bold rear lamp lenses are divided into three segments by horizontal lines, which help underpin the iQ’s strong presence. The iQ is fitted with 5-spoke 16-inch alloy wheels that confidently fill the bold wheel arches.

The exterior styling blends dynamism and stability: prominent crease lines define the high belt line while the V-line of the A-pillar creates tension across the wheel arches.

Smooth lines flow from the front bumpers, curve graciously up through the front pillars to meet the roof and sweep back down towards the rear hatch where they are replaced by edgier, well-defined lines.

From a rear three-quarter perspective the creative tension continues.A seamless line runs from the edge of the roofline towards the B-pillar and curves around the deep rear glass area, before returning towards the rear hatch and then tailing off at the bold, geometrically-shaped wheel arches.

At the front of the car, smoked headlamp units are set deep into the bonnet and wings. Door mirrors with integrated turn indicators further reflect the iQ’s refined urban appeal.

Techno-organic theme for interior styling

The ‘on-the-edge’ exterior styling is replicated in the iQ’s refined interior architecture. By mathematically analysing and recreating the structural beauty of natural objects, Toyota has achieved a ‘techno-organic’ design which fuses geometric precision with inner beauty.

This is demonstrated in the floating ‘V’ centre console, which dominates the asymmetric dashboard. At the base of the V is a single dial that controls the functions of the air conditioning.

Situated within the arms of the V are cabin temperature controls with an LCD that displays airflow, twin face-level air vents and at the top a 5.8-inch colour touch screen satellite navigation display.

The V-design both separates and joins the two halves of the asymmetric dashboard design, while providing a visually appealing focus on the interior.

The steering wheel is flat-bottomed to provide the driver with greater legroom. Controls for audio are placed on the wheel to save space on the centre console and to offer a high-level of convenience for the driver.

Other techno-organic features include matt silver door handles with flowing manta-ray styling. While the ultra slim seatbacks are formed in a stylish one-piece moulding that enhances the edgy feel of the iQ and assist in freeing up additional passenger space.

A secret tray is neatly concealed below the rear seat, again providing more storage for passengers without sacrificing the cabin space. For more luggage capacity the 50/50 split rear seats can be separately folded flat to increase the available load area.

The interior is finished in rich chocolate-plum colour, which contrasts with the matt silver of the techno-organic architecture to provide an environment of urban sophistication.

Technology

Revolutionary engineering innovations create ingenious packaging solution

Creating more passenger space in such a compact vehicle was a key aim for Toyota’s design team. The iQ’s interior is surprisingly spacious. Six inter-linking engineering innovations are responsible for making this possible. Viewed together, these innovations represent a major milestone in Toyota’s vehicle development.

To achieve such a milestone required a drastically changed mindset. The engineers had to reconsider the very locations of various vehicle components rather than simply re-designing parts to a smaller size.

The result is a true break-through in ‘small yet spacious’ packaging, which at the same time has been designed to meet the top 5-star safety rating of EURO NCAP.

The new Toyota iQ measures 2,985mm in length and 1,500mm in height, but the car’s compact ingenuity lies in its comparatively lengthy wheelbase of 2,000mm.

Newly developed differential saves engine compartment space

A newly developed differential allows the iQ to be built with short front overhangs, which result in a gain of over 100mm of additional length inside the passenger cabin area when compared to the B-segment Yaris.

Toyota’s ingenious solution to the differential is 3-fold: the under-bonnet area is made more compact; the front wheels can be placed at the very corners of the car, which drastically shortens the front overhang; and the passenger compartment can be increased.

Flat under-floor fuel tank with rear-angled shock absorbers

The design of the flat under-floor fuel tank has allowed the development of shorter rear overhangs, which contribute to the reduction of the car’s overall length.

Historically, a flat tank was considered difficult to engineer successfully because of the variance in fuel surface levels depending on the angle of the car.

However, persistent engineering efforts to downsize and find the optimal placement of functional parts have resulted in a flat fuel tank that creates significant space savings.

Smaller heater/air conditioning unit saves space

Toyota engineers have managed to significantly reduce the size of the heater/air conditioning unit without sacrificing performance output.

As a result of the size reduction the passenger-side area of the asymmetric dashboard can be moved forward and towards the windscreen base freeing up additional cabin space.

Asymmetric dashboard design and sliding seat configuration create more space

The iQ’s innovative asymmetric dashboard was designed to open up the passenger area.

The pushed-forward and step-like structure of the dashboard provides sufficient space for the front passenger when the seat is set at its most forward position while comfortably accomodating an adult in the rear seat.

Combined with shoulder-to-shoulder distance between driver and passenger of a similar volume to a C-segment vehicle, the unique 3+1 seating configuration creates enough room for three adults and, in addition, either a child or luggage behind the driver.

Centre take-off steering gear for compactness

Toyota has employed a centre take-off steering gear and positioned it higher in the engine bay. The gear, engine and differential could then be repositioned creating the iQ’s size-reduced front overhang.

Slim seat design for greater leg room

The slimness of the iQ seat backs release a further 40mm of rear passenger room at knee height so that rear passengers can sit more comfortably.

With an all-new frame structure and optimal adjustment of ancillary parts, the slimmer seat designs save space without sacrificing comfort.

New iQ drives Toyota’s green aims with low emission engines

Toyota has been pioneering in the continual search to reduce the car’s impact on the environment. Using technology as its cornerstone, Toyota has persistently sought new ideas and new inventions to make the car friendlier to the environment.

In addition to Toyota’s ongoing Hybrid Synergy Drive^® technology innovations, the expansion of its small car range is integral to reducing environmental impact.

The new iQ, together with the Urban Cruiser also premiered at Geneva, plays a key role in Toyota’s drive to reduce emissions. Both cars are also an essential part of Toyota’s challenge to support the Japanese Automobile Manufacturers Association’s (JAMA) voluntary commitment of 140 grams per kilometre by 2009.

The iQ will have the choice of one of two petrol or one diesel engine. These engines - along with the compact design, low weight, and aerodynamic shape of the iQ - will contribute to outstanding fuel economy and exceptionally low CO₂ emissions, which are anticipated to start at around 100g/km.

Production commences in late 2008

Production of the iQ will commence during late 2008. In the first full year of production, Toyota expects to reach 100,000 units globally.