Demand for Toyota’s best-selling Yaris is at an all-time high, the B-segment model which made up over 20% of Toyota’s European sales last year, is manufactured at Toyota Motor Manufacturing France (TMMF) and from later this year at Toyota Motor Manufacturing Czech. TMMP’s output of hybrid electric powertrains will receive another boost when the new Yaris Cross begins production later in 2021, also at TMMF.

TMMP’s latest expansion forms a key part of Toyota Motor Europe’s strategy to further localize the production of hybrid electric drives to help meet the company’s ambition of selling 1.4M vehicles a year by 2025, 90% of sales will have electrified powertrains for its hybrids, plug-in hybrids, battery electric and fuel cell vehicles. As part of its increased European investment, TME has expanded TMMP’s Wałbrzych Plant to accommodate a new casting line, additional processing lines and a new assembly line.

At the same time, TMMP also begins the first European production of the MG1 electric motor which forms an integral part of the hybrid electric transmissions, and to meet the increased demand for hybrids, the Wałbrzych plant will launch a twin production line for hybrid electric transmissions in autumn 2021. From 2022, it will start a second production line of 1.5L TNGA gasoline engines, effectively doubling TMMP’s hybrid electric powertrain production capacity for Toyota Yaris and Yaris Cross models.

Once these new projects are fully up to speed in 2022, the factories in Wałbrzych and Jelcz-Laskowice will have a total of six production lines for the main hybrid components, including three lines of hybrid electric transmissions and three lines of TNGA combustion engines.

This increased localisation of production of hybrid electric components in Europe follows TMMP’s establishment of a Hybrid Drives Testing and Evaluation Department in 2020. Including the recently completed projects , the level of investments in both plants will increase to almost PLN 6 billion (or c. €1.3 billion) by the end of 2022, enabling a production capacity of 1.65 million components per year and employment to over 3,000 people.

Toyota's low-emission hybrid technology

Hybrid cars use two sources of power - gasoline and electric. During braking, the kinetic energy of the hybrid car is recovered and converted into electricity, thanks to which the vehicle consumes less fuel. Toyota sees hybrid technology as an important step towards full electrified mobility. Toyota’s hybrid technology reduces emissions, fuel consumption providing an accessible and affordable mobility solution for its customers. Toyota has located in Poland the first center for production and development of hybrid drives in the world outside of Asia. It supplies the hybrid electric transmissions and the associated TNGA hybrid gasoline engines for the group's low-emission vehicles manufactured in Europe.

Projects related to hybrid technology implemented in Polish Toyota factories

TNGA architecture

Toyota New Global Architecture is the global architecture in which all new Toyota models are currently designed. This platform stands for common principles for the construction of individual chassis types and bodies, as well as drivetrains for various models. Its characteristic feature is a lower center of gravity and a stiffer car body, which translates into a high level of passive safety and greater driving comfort. From the production side, TNGA means designing automated production lines, and thus higher efficiency, a modular structure of the line enabling the production of various types of components or drives on one production line, as well as better work ergonomics and lower environmental impact.

Toyota Motor Manufacturing Poland (TMMP)

TMMP has two plants located in Lower Silesia. The factory in Wałbrzych produces hybrid electric transmissions for low-emission hybrid cars with a 1.8-liter engine, 1-liter gasoline engines as well as manual and semi-automatic transmissions. Its current annual production capacity is 350,000 hybrid electric transmissions , 258,000 engines and 633,000 transmissions. The plant in Jelcz-Laskowice produces 1.5 L and 2.0 l TNGA gasoline engines, and its production capacity is 312 thousand engines per year. TMMP factories supply assembly plants of Toyota cars and the PSA Group and Lotus companies, operated by European companies in the Czech Republic, Great Britain, France, Turkey and Russia, and outside Europe: in South Africa and Japan.

When walking into the Toyota Radosc retailer in Warsaw, Poland, little did Ms Magdalena Sobolewska-Bereza suspect she would find herself half an hour later taking the keys of her brand new Toyota C-HR Hybrid from the General Manager of Toyota Radosc, Maja Kleszczewska, during a small celebration. Turns out Ms Sobolewska-Bereza just bought the 2 millionth hybrid sold by Toyota since the company pioneered hybrid electric technology in 2000 in Europe.

Independent research* shows that a self-charging Toyota hybrid drives in zero emissions mode more than 50% of the time, in both urban and suburban environment. There is no need to plug in the car since the system charges the battery while driving, decelerating and braking. These benefits, in addition to the comfortable and silent experience, are assets that are highly valued by customers.

In 2011, 10% of our European customers chose a hybrid. This figure has grown exponentially to 47% in 2018: today, almost one out of every two cars sold by Toyota in Europe is a hybrid. Thanks to the large line-up – Toyota has 8 hybrid models, Lexus 9 – there is a choice to cater for each customer’s taste, from the B-segment Toyota Yaris Hybrid to the Lexus flagship coupe LC500h.

Since the Prius was introduced in 1997 in Japan, Toyota has sold over 12 million hybrid cars worldwide. More than a numerical milestone, this demonstrates the way self-charging hybrid electric technology has changed the rules of the game. It has emerged as a mainstream solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants. In the footsteps of the iconic Prius that started it all, Toyota now sells 34 different hybrid models in more than 90 countries and regions across the globe. This has helped to reduce CO2 emissions by 93 million tonnes.

In October 2015, Toyota announced the Toyota Environmental Challenge 2050. As part of this set of challenges, it aims to reduce new vehicle CO2 emissions by 90% by 2050, compared to the levels in 2010. Toyota aims to reach that ambition by accelerating the popularization of electrified cars. It aims to put more than 5.5 million on the road every year, by 2030 - at least one million of which will be zero-emissions vehicles. Toyota hybrid electric technology is at the heart of its portfolio of environmentally friendly cars, encompassing plug-in hybrid electric (PHEVs), battery electric (BEVs) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs).

REFERENCE - TABLE

* Research by CARe (Center for Automotive Research and Evolution) of the University Guglielmo Marconi in Rome in collaboration with Enea (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development) 

When he arrived at the showroom of Autohaus Yvel in Dusseldorf, his excitement just about doubled: his wife was offered a second Auris Hybrid to enjoy for a year, free of charge. And, as he is an avid sports fan, he was also treated to a game of ice hockey between Dusseldorfer EG, his home town, and Kolner Haie, home to Toyota Deutschland GmbH (TDG).

Victor came to hybrid through his work. The company he works for has hybrid buses and he got to drive them. He was interested to switch to hybrid for the environmental performance and the quietness these cars offer. He chose an Auris. "That's a great choice," said TDG President Tom Fux, who handed him the keys. "The Auris is the best proof of the success of Toyota's hybrid drive: more than half of all Auris models sold in Western Europe are equipped with our efficient combination of an electric motor and petrol engine, and the trend is growing."

Indeed, Victor is not alone. In August, Toyota Motor Corporation announced that Toyota and Lexus combined had sold more than eight million hybrid cars worldwide since the launch of the Toyota Prius in 1997. In comparison to equivalent cars with conventional drive systems, the hybrid vehicles contributed to a global saving of some 58 million tons of CO₂.

The Hybrid sales already account for 23% of TME’s total sales year-to-date. As of this month, Toyota Motor Europe sells 14 full hybrids models in the European line-up: Toyota: (1) Prius, (2) Prius+, (3) Prius Plug-in, (4) Yaris Hybrid, (5) Auris Hybrid, (6) Auris Hybrid Touring Sports, (7) Camry Hybrid; Lexus: (8) CT 200h, (9) GS 300h (10)GS 450h, (11)IS 300h, (12) LS 600h(L), (13) RX 450h, 2- and 4 wheel drive and (14) NX 300h.

In Europe, Toyota manufactures the Yaris Hybrid, Auris Hybrid, Auris Hybrid Touring Sports. Our total Hybrid vehicle production accounted for approx. 20% of our total vehicle production in Europe in CY2014. Two-thirds of our hybrid sales in Europe are made in Europe.

Toyota has democratized hybrid and will continue to do so by adding a further new Hybrid model, the RAV4 Hybrid in January next year. The CH-R concept featured at the Frankfurt Motor Show last September is bound for production and will also feature a hybrid powertrain. Toyota has the widest hybrid range in the world and aims to introduce a hybrid model in every segment by 2020.

Toyota Hybrid Vehicle Chronology

Auris Hybrid Sports Touring from 85g/km

Auris Hybrid sales up 69% in first quarter 2013

The Auris Hybrid has received further upgrades to reduce its CO₂ emissions to just 84 g/km - joining its Touring Sports sibling in segment leadership.

This CO₂ reduction is achieved by refining the vehicle tuning and adopting various aerodynamic improvements such as new aero-stabilising fins. These measures combine to improve the overall energy efficiency without negatively impacting vehicle performance.

Reinforcing Toyota's commitment to continually improve the efficiency of its products, these new modifications were first previewed on the 85g/km Auris Hybrid Touring Sports when it made its debut at the Geneva Motor Show in March.

The new Auris has been very well received across Europe where demand grew by 27% in the first quarter of 2013. The largest contributor of this growth is the Auris Hybrid, where sales have advanced by 69% year-on-year, illustrating its strong customer appeal and low cost-of-ownership credentials.

Already benefiting from significant tax incentives, restricted-area exemptions and reduced service and maintenance charges, the new lower CO₂ level will further reinforce the Auris Hybrid's best-in-class low running costs.

The new 84 g/km Auris Hybrid will replace the 87 g/km version across the Toyota retailer network starting from June 2013.

This has been achieved by taking a total vehicle approach to emissions reduction and fuel consumption improvement, whilst at the same time improving drivability and dynamic performance.

The new Auris' powertrain line-up plays a key role. It now features a choice of a class-leading full hybrid alongside two petrol and two diesel engines offering the performance- and economy-enhancing benefits of Toyota Optimal Drive.

The new Auris' anticipated pan-European sales mix will be approximately 1/3rd full hybrid, 1/3rd diesel and 1/3rd petrol. This not only demonstrates the wide range of customer choice the line up brings, but also that, far from a niche solution, full hybrid is a mainstream proposition, accessible to the largest possible audience.

Full Hybrid System Performance

The Auris full hybrid returns class-leading emissions figures of only 87 g/km in the European homologation combined cycle.

Capable of operating both independently and in combination, the HSD system's 1.8 litre VVT-i petrol engine and electric motor generate a maximum power output of 136 DIN hp, equipping the Auris Hybrid with a 0-100 km/h acceleration time of 10.9 seconds and a maximum speed of 180 km/h.

Thanks to the improved aerodynamic performance and lighter weight of this next generation model the Auris Hybrid's remarkably low, highly tax-efficient CO₂ emissions have improved by 2 g/km to 87 g/km (with 15" wheels). In addition, the Auris Hybrid generates virtually no NOx and Particulate Matter emissions.

Moreover, when operating in the unique, switchable EV mode not available to mild hybrid vehicles, the Auris Hybrid generates zero CO₂, NOx and particulate emissions, driving for up to two kilometres continuously at speeds of up to about 50 km/h, dependant on battery charge and driving conditions.

The Auris Hybrid's powertrain is designed to eliminate the need for the petrol engine as often as possible during city driving. Toyota's own data show that the cumulative effect of full hybrid operation leads to high proportions of zero-emissions driving.

Improved Hybrid Synergy Drive — An Even More Compelling Proposition

The control logic of the Hybrid Synergy Drive system's seamless, planetary gear transmission has been modified to give a smoother, more natural feeling to vehicle acceleration, with a closer relationship between vehicle speed and engine revs.

Advanced engine technologies include a cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system, an electric water pump, the elimination of the auxiliary drive belt, a reduction in piston ring tensional force and the optimisation of oil pump capacity.

When used in combined with a cooled EGR system, the Atkinson cycle engine offers significant gains in fuel efficiency and the reduction of emissions.

In the Atkinson cycle, compression and expansion are asymmetrical, and the inlet valves close late, delaying compression. This creates a high expansion ratio for less compression, converting combustion energy to engine power more effectively. As a result, the exhaust temperature is lower than that of conventional engines. The cooled EGR system reintroduces cooled exhaust gas into the intake system, further reducing engine operating temperatures.

The adoption of an electric water pump both enhances engine warm-up performance and reduces cooling friction loss, improving fuel efficiency. The elimination of the auxiliary drive belt reduces friction, further improving fuel economy.

With the repackaging of the battery pack under the rear seat, the cooling air intake is relocated from the side of the seats to the seat undercover area. This relocation allows for a lower intake air temperature, enhancing battery cooling and, hence, efficiency.

Toyota Optimal Drive

Toyota Optimal Drive showcases a combination of wide-ranging advanced technologies and internal improvement programmes designed to optimise the balance of performance and driving enjoyment with fuel economy and low emissions.

These diverse core technologies focus on three key aspects of powertrain development:

Firstly, the reduction of powertrain weight through the use of super-lightweight and highly compact engine components and transmissions throughout the new Auris engine range.

Secondly, the minimisation of mechanical losses through the adoption of Valvematic -a further development of VVT-i -in the 1.6 petrol engine, new roller rocker technology and smaller, lighter pistons in both petrol engines, low viscosity oil and 6-speed manual transmissions throughout the new Auris engine range.

Thirdly, the maximisation of combustion efficiency. This has been achieved within the new Auris petrol engine range through the use of high, 11.5:1 compression ratios, Valvematic, the refinement of intake port and combustion chamber design, and piston cooling by oil jet. All new Auris diesel engines benefit from low compression ratios, optimised combustion chamber dimensions and enhanced Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) cooler efficiency.

2.0l D-4D Diesel Engine

Mated to a six-speed manual transmission, the 91 kW / 124 DIN hp 2.0 litre D-4D turbodiesel engine has been extensively revised and now features Stop & Start technology as standard.

Enhancing low speed torque, the unit features a new, compact, variable nozzle turbocharger with a DC motor, a lower friction bearing system and an electric actuator.

CO₂ emission-reducing lubrication and cooling circuit improvements include a 2-stage pressure oil pump with improved oil jet, an optimised water pump with a reduced flow rate, and a twin-chamber oil pan to improve engine warming speeds.

Exhaust emissions are further lowered through a new glow plug control strategy and improvements to the construction and coating of the DPF.

The use of a resin cylinder head cover, oil cooler bracket and water pipe reduce engine weight by 3 kg. The reduction of friction through the adoption of a low friction vacuum pump, a low friction timing chain and low viscosity oil further enhance fuel efficiency. And combustion improvement through a new piston bowl shape and the new glow strategy has perceptibly lowered engine NVH.

Significantly quieter, the revised 2.0 D-4D engine now delivers maximum torque of 310 Nm at 1,600 to 2,400 rpm, whilst low speed torque has increased to 300 Nm at only 1,400 rpm. This torque delivery enhancement has allowed the use of longer gear ratios to reduce both fuel consumption and noise. CO₂ emissions have been lowered by 19% -from 138 to 112 g/km on the combined cycle. Fuel consumption has also fallen from 5.2 to 4.3 l/100km over the combined cycle.

1.4l D-4D Diesel Engine

Available with either a six-speed manual or six-speed MultiMode transmission, the Euro 5 compliant 1.4 litre D-4D engine develops 66 kW / 90 DIN hp and maximum torque of 205 Nm at only 1,800 to 2,800 rpm.

Equipped with Stop & Start technology for the first time in the new Auris, the 1.4 D-4D 90 turbodiesel unit also benefits from improved Toyota Optimal Drive technology, maximising performance and driveability whilst minimising fuel consumption, and CO₂ and particulate emissions.

New generation piezoelectric injectors control the fuel volume and the timing of the injection more accurately. The high speed reaction time of Piezo injectors makes multi-phase high speed injection possible. This has the effect of both lowering the rate of combustion expansion and effecting a more thorough burn within the combustion chamber, thus further reducing particulate, NOx and CO₂ emissions.

This, allied to higher common rail injection pressures of 160 Mpa, results in shorter injection times, combining a faster engine response with improved fuel economy and reduced CO₂ emissions.

A new 2-step hydraulic control valve is installed in the timing chain cover. This has the benefit of reducing friction when hydraulic pressure is low by opening and closing the relief valve based on driving conditions.

Engine warm-up time is minimised through the installation of a new coolant by-pass system that helps to reduce heat losses in engine coolant during start-up.

When equipped with the manual transmission and Stop & Start technology, the improved 1.4 D-4D 90 unit returns a combined cycle fuel consumption of 3.8 l/100 km and generates CO₂ emissions of only 99 g/km — a reduction of 0.6 l/100 km and 10 g/km.

1.33l Dual VVT-i Petrol Engine

Featuring innovative Stop & Start technology, the 1.33 litre petrol engine is equipped with Dual Variable Valve Timing-intelligent (VVT-i) and a high compression ratio of 11.5:1, which increases the thermal efficiency of the engine. It generates 73 kW/99 DIN hp and maximum torque of 128 Nm at 3,800 rpm.

This excellent dynamic performance is combined with fuel consumption from 5.4 l/100 km and CO₂ emissions from 125 g/km, a reduction of 0.4 l/100 km and 11 g/km versus the outgoing model.

Profiting from Toyota's extensive motorsport experience, the small bore, long stroke unit is exceptionally lightweight and compact, improving the vehicle's power-to-weight ratio. It features a resin-type cylinder head cover and intake manifold, and the intake channel has been streamlined to optimise airflow for improved combustion efficiency.

Dual VVT-i helps boost response levels across the entire rev range by varying the air-fuel intake and exhaust valve timing to suit the conditions at any given time. In addition to improving torque at low and medium engine speeds, the system also reduces emissions and enhances fuel efficiency.

1.6l Valvematic Petrol Engine

Offering class-leading efficiency, power and torque, Valvematic is a further development of Toyota's highly successful Dual Variable Valve Timing-intelligent (Dual VVT-i) system.

Valvematic takes VVT-i technology a step forward by adding lift and duration control to the inlet valve variable timing. This improves intake airflow volume and speed management -and, subsequently, combustion process management- to deliver more power for less fuel consumption, with reduced CO₂ emissions. The adoption of Valvematic further reduces friction and pumping losses under light engine loads, further lowering fuel consumption.

Valvematic efficiency is further improved through the adoption of a variable length inlet manifold. This acts as an accelerator at low to medium engine speeds, maximising inlet air speed for optimum combustion efficiency. At higher engine speeds the manifold is fully open. This allows air to travel via a shorter route, maximising the volume of air entering the combustion chamber and, hence, engine power output.

Available with either a six-speed manual or Multidrive S CVT, the 1.6-litre Valvematic engine develops 97 kW / 132 DIN hp and a maximum torque of 160 Nm at only 4,400 rpm.

When equipped with the manual transmission the unit returns a combined cycle fuel consumption of 5.9 l/100 km and generates CO₂ emissions of only 138 g/km — reduction of 0.7 l/100 km and 12 g/km. Multidrive S transmission further reduces both fuel consumption and emissions, to 5.7 l/100 km and 134 g/km respectively.

New Charging Control System

Petrol and diesel engined Auris models are now fitted with a new Charging Control system designed to lower the alternator power generation load on the engine when driving, enhancing fuel efficiency.

The system controls the amount of power generated by the alternator according to driving conditions. Under deceleration, the system increases the power generation voltage to maximise battery charging, whilst decreasing the voltage at all other times. As a result, the overall engine load caused by power generation is reduced, improving fuel consumption.

MultiMode Transmission

Available on the 1.4 D-4D 90 diesel version of the new Auris, MultiMode is an automated manual transmission with a fully automatic shift mode and no clutch pedal. It offers the driver a choice of two, fully automatic gear change modes or a manual, sequential gear change with steering wheel-mounted shift paddles.

Selecting E (Economy), M (Manual) or R (Reverse) allows the car to 'creep' in the manner of a conventional automatic. In E mode, the car makes automatic gear shifts that will maximise fuel economy. Selecting ES (Sport) mode will delay changing up to a higher rpm, giving a more sporting style of drive.

Multidrive S Continuously-Variable Transmission

Newly available on the 1.6 Valvematic petrol version of the new Auris, Multidrive S is a continuously-variable transmission (CVT) with a fully automatic seamless shift mode or a sequential, stepped 7-speed Sport mode.

In Automatic mode, the system is optimised for quietness and fuel economy, precisely matching the transmission to the engine at all times by monitoring accelerator pedal angle, vehicle speed and braking force.

In Sport mode, the system is optimised for response and direct engine control, and the transmission step position can be selected by the gear lever, or by the shift paddle.

Sport mode also features precise cornering control. Upon detecting deceleration, the system downshifts and applies engine braking to assist the braking force. On corner exit, predictive downshift logic controls the system to ensure the optimal gear ratio is selected for required level of acceleration.

Stop & Start Technology

Now available with the 1.33 litre Dual VVT-i petrol engine and the 1.4 litre D-4D diesel engine, and fitted as standard on the 2.0 litre D-4D diesel engine, Toyota's Stop & Start system automatically switches off the engine when the vehicle is stopped.

Featuring an immediate restart with virtually no engine sound or vibration, the system delivers significant reductions in CO₂ emissions during urban driving, and can lead to noticeably lower average fuel consumption, depending on driving conditions.

Stop & Start automatically stops the engine when the shift lever is moved to the neutral position and the clutch pedal is released, enhancing fuel economy. The engine will automatically restart, within less than half a second, when the clutch pedal is depressed.

Toyota Stop & Start technology allows for the continued operation of the air-conditioning system, and idling stop time when the air conditioning is in use has been expanded.

With the air-conditioning in use, the engine will not stop if the desired cabin temperature has not been reached. When that temperature is reached, the air-conditioner will switch to 'ECO-run loading', allowing the engine to automatically stop. The engine will automatically restart in the event of low battery charge, or if the vehicle begins to move, in the interest of safety.

In conjunction with the Stop & Start system, a 'Stop & Start' indicator will illuminate during every automatic stop. An ECO counter also displays the elapsed time of stops during each drive, and a re-settable ECO odo-counter displays the vehicle's total accumulated idling stop time.

Note: All fuel consumption and emissions data is subject to final homologation

In a joint survey, Automotive Business Intelligence company EurotaxGlass's and UK-based marketing and research institute Harris Interactive addressed the issue in their latest study 'Electrification of the Automotive Industry — the European Consumer's View'.1

Of those questioned, some 30% demonstrated an interest in electric or hybrid vehicles, with Toyota standing out in all markets as the company with the highest brand awareness: When asked to name an electric or hybrid brand, some 15% of survey participants cited Toyota, with only 6% naming the closest rival hybrid manufacturer.

Moreover, Toyota's environmental flagship proves to be the single best known electric or hybrid model, with 16% of those questioned being aware of the award-winning Prius, and only 6% naming the closest rival vehicle.

The study confirms Toyota's belief in the strong potential of the hybrid market, concluding: 'The openness of the consumer towards alternative powertrains is much higher than the current market shares of these powertrain types. And this is true across all the major European markets.'

With over 3 million hybrid vehicles already sold worldwide, Toyota continues to roll out full hybrid technology across its main European model range.

Following the successful introduction of the Auris HSD to the C-segment in 2010, the Yaris HSD concept, presented at Geneva Motor Show 2011, anticipates Toyota's intention to bring Hybrid Synergy Drive® to the B-segment, the biggest volume segment in Europe. Prius+, Europe's first full hybrid 7-seater, debuted at the same occasion and will be launched on the European market in 2012.

Last year, Toyota set a new milestone for sustainable mobility with the introduction of the Prius Plug-in Hybrid through a global limited lease program. During 2012, Toyota will bring the Prius Plug-in hybrid to the mass market.

With electric vehicle sales still handicapped by vehicle price, driving range and the lack of charging infrastructures, Toyota sees plug-in hybrid technology as the most feasible short- to mid-term technological solution to the electrification of powertrains.

A full hybrid vehicle, the Prius Plug-in Hybrid represents a significant expansion of the Hybrid Synergy Drive® system's capabilities, offering drivers the best of both worlds. An extended, fully electric EV mode is employed for shorter journeys, while the hybrid powertrain's petrol engine awards the Prius Plug-in Hybrid true long range capability. Toyota remains convinced that hybrid drive is the core technology of the future.

Through the evolution of Toyota's full hybrid technology over more than a decade of sales, the company's incomparable record of customer experience gives it an unquestionable lead in the drive towards sustainable mobility.

Details

1. Hybrid Vehicles

TMC plans to introduce 11 models by the end of 2012, consisting of all-new models and redesigned models. Of the planned new models, one is a compact with fuel efficiency in excess of 40 km/L under the 10-15 Japanese test cycle.

2. Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles

By early 2012, TMC plans to begin sales of a "Prius"-based PHV, mainly in Japan, the United States and Europe. Sales are targeted at more than 50,000 units annually, and the price for Japan is expected to be in the 3-million-yen range.

3. Electric Vehicles

In 2012, in addition to the U.S. market, an iQ-based EV will also be introduced in Japan and Europe.

&bull Launch preparations call for road trials in Japan, U.S., and Europe starting in 2011.

&bull Launch in China is also being considered, with road trials planned for 2011.

Separately, the "RAV4 EV" concept, which was developed jointly with Tesla Motors, will be on display until November 28 at the Los Angeles Auto Show in Los Angeles, United States.

4. Fuel Cell Vehicles

TMC is continuing development of a sedan-type fuel-cell hybrid vehicle (FCHV), with sales aimed to start in around 2015 in Japan, the U.S. and Europe—markets in which hydrogen supply infrastructure is expected to develop. Although currently a price under 10 million yen seems attainable, TMC aims to further reduce costs to bring the vehicle to market at a more-affordable price.

5. Next-generation Secondary Batteries

TMC is researching development of next-generation secondary batteries with performance that greatly exceeds that of lithium-ion batteries. Such research is aimed to help bring about the revolutionary advances in battery performance that will be necessary for the broad adoption of electric-motor-propelled eco-cars.

&bull Solid-state batteries: TMC has successfully reduced what is known as particle resistance and has made progress toward creating full solid-state batteries in a promising compact package.

&bull Metal-air batteries: TMC has determined the reaction mechanism of lithium-air batteries and has clarified its research policy regarding the batteries as rechargeable secondary batteries.

In January 2010, TMC established a division charged with studying production of next-generation batteries. The division, with a staff of approximately 100 researchers, is accelerating its research.

TMC believes that eco-cars can have a positive impact on the environment only if they are widely used. TMC will continue to improve the fuel efficiency of its conventional combustion-engine cars, which account for the majority of its sales, while raising performance, reducing costs and expanding the company's product lineup. Within these efforts, hybrid technologies—consisting of the basic technologies necessary for development of various eco-cars—are positioned as key technologies to achieve both high fuel efficiency and driving performance, and to facilitate the use of various fuels with the aim of creating a low-carbon society through response to the need to diversify energy sources.

The goal of the verification tests, which are to start within 2010, is to determine the adaptability and usefulness of the Prius Plug-in Hybrid in China. TMC will select drivers to evaluate the vehicle during use for commuting and other daily purposes, while CATARC and TMC will measure fuel efficiency, charging times, electric-vehicle driving range, etc., and will analyze and evaluate data collected.

"As we move to distance cars from petroleum, we view electricity, which can be produced using any primary energy source, as exceptionally promising. Greater use of it is in lockstep with China's electrification policy", said TMC Executive Vice President Takeshi Uchiyamada at the ceremony.

The Prius Plug-in Hybrid can be charged using an external power source such as a household electric outlet. Its large-capacity battery gives it an electric-vehicle driving range longer than that of a conventional gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle, resulting in reduced fuel consumption and direct CO2 emissions. It also functions as a conventional gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle when its battery is too low to allow charge-based electric driving, meaning that its range is not limited by remaining battery power. Hence, TMC believes that plug-in hybrid vehicles such as the Prius Plug-in Hybrid are environmental friendly vehicles highly suitable for popularization.

TMC has already started verification tests of the Prius Plug-in Hybrid in Rokkasho Village, Japan Boulder City, United States and the city of Strasbourg in France. The vehicle is scheduled for commercial launch at the start of 2012.

While continuing to develop next-generation environmental technologies and technologies for using electricity, TMC—under its founding philosophy of contributing to society through the manufacture of automobiles—will continue to strive to produce vehicles that meet consumers' needs.

The Prius Plug-in Hybrid can be charged using an external power source such as a household electric outlet, and is the first vehicle produced by TMC to be propelled by a lithium-ion battery. Further, due to the battery's expanded capacity, the vehicle has an extended electric-vehicle driving range, enabling use as an electric vehicle (EV) for short distances, while for medium and long distances, after battery power depletes to a level no longer allowing EV driving mode, the vehicle functions as a conventional gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle (HV). Thus, use is not constrained by remaining battery power or availability of battery-charging infrastructure.

Furthermore, plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHVs), such as the Prius Plug-in Hybrid, are expected to achieve fuel efficiency superior to conventional gasoline-electric HVs, reduce consumption of fossil fuels, and reduce CO2 emissions and atmospheric pollution. Verifications and rules that gauge the performance of a PHV differ from region to region, but in Japan, the Prius Plug-in Hybrid has a cruising range in EV mode of approximately 23 km with a fully charged battery, and an average PHV fuel

efficiency of 57km/L and CO₂ emissions¹ of 41 g/km under specified driving conditions combining driving performance both as an EV and as a HV. (Results are based on the JC08 Japanese test cycle² and verified by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan.)

TMC believes that, to meet the diversification of energy sources, plug-in hybrid vehicles are a highly suitable environmentally considerate option. TMC is therefore actively encouraging market introduction and aiding understanding, and to promote the soonest widespread use of PHVs, TMC will analyze feedback regarding the Prius Plug-in Hybrid, with an aim to begin sales in the tens of thousands of units to the general public in two years.

TMC promotes the use of energy sources other than gasoline, such as electricity, to limit the consumption of fossil fuels and to reduce CO2 emissions. Thus, the company is accelerating the development of electricity-related technologies honed by experience gained from 12 years selling gasoline-electric HVs, the market introduction of the "RAV4 EV" SUV and the leasing of fuel-cell HVs.

⁽¹⁾ Includes only CO2 emissions generated during vehicle operation, not those generated in the production of

electricity used to charge the vehicle's battery.

⁽²⁾ Newer Japanese test method than the preceding 10-15 test cycle that better approximates actual driving conditions, meaning that the fuel consumption rates tend to be slightly lower than those measured under the 10-15 test cycle. Fuel-consumption rates and cruising distances are values from specified test conditions. Average fuel consumption and cruising distances will vary markedly depending on such variables as driving conditions and driving methods, particularly, daily driving distance, the battery's charge level and air-conditioner use.

Vehicle Outline

Newly Developed Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle System

The Prius Plug-in Hybrid features the Toyota Hybrid System (THS) II Plug-in, based on the THS II hybrid system used for the Prius, with a new, battery-charging system to facilitate highly efficient charging of the vehicle's lithium-ion battery from an external power source.

Use of electricity from an external source dramatically decreases gasoline consumption, with the vehicle measuring an average plug-in hybrid fuel efficiency of 57 km/l. In EV mode the vehicle has a cruising range of 23.4 km (under the JC08 Japanese test cycle) and top cruising speeds up to 100 km/h.

Exterior

The vehicle comes in Light Blue Mica Metallic—exclusive to the Prius Plug-in Hybrid—while the side-view mirrors, door handles and trim around rear license plate is in high-gloss silver. This color combination creates a cutting-edge image befitting such a next-generation vehicle.

A standard Prius Plug-in Hybrid decal (suggested) placed on both sides of the vehicle further distinguishes the vehicle from other grades of the Prius. Vehicle-exclusive

emblems also feature on the fender and charging port lid.

Displays for PHV-specific Information

Special selectable screens that display information for PHV operation have been added to the Prius-base car navigation system and the Eco-Drive Monitor. The

screens display information to assist EV-mode driving (using battery power only), as well as provide an enjoyable way to check battery-charge level and resulting fuel consumption.

• Energy Monitor Screen displays possible in EV mode driving range
• EV-Drive Indicator on the Hybrid System Indicator Screen also indicates possible EV cruising range driver notified of potential accelerator use with current battery charge level, thus supporting environmentally friendly driving through use of EVmode
• Electric Vehicle Cruising Ratio Screen—exclusive to Prius Plug-in Hybrid—displays difference between driving in EV mode (using battery power only) and driving in HV mode (using both gasoline engine and battery power)

Vehicle Specifications

Environmental Performance Japan (1)

Hybrid System Specifications

A plug-in hybrid vehicle operates as an electric vehicle when used for short distances and can operate as a conventional hybrid vehicle when used for medium to long-distance trips. This means it can be used regardless of remaining battery power or availability of battery-charging infrastructure in place. Furthermore, plug-in hybrid vehicles are expected to achieve higher fuel efficiency than conventional hybrid vehicles, limit consumption of fossil fuels, reduce CO₂ emissions and atmospheric pollution, and, by charging with off-peak electricity, promise a more economical vehicle powering solution.

TMC believes that, in response to the diversification of energy sources, plug-in hybrid vehicles are currently the most suitable environmentally considerate vehicles for widespread use. TMC therefore intends to encourage the marketing of plug-in hybrid vehicles while introducing a total of 500 vehicles globally primarily to fleet customers—to further use and understanding of the vehicles. TMC will introduce approximately 150 vehicles in the United States, as well as more than 150 vehicles in Europe, including 100 in France. TMC is also considering introducing plug-in hybrid vehicles in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Germany.

TMC has positioned hybrid technologies as core environmentally considerate vehicle technologies and is using them in the development not only of plug-in hybrid vehicles but also electric vehicles and fuel-cell hybrid vehicles. TMC will continue its efforts to achieve sustainable mobility by developing and putting into practical use these next-generation vehicles, which are hoped to contribute to reducing petroleum consumption, reducing CO₂ emissions and responding to the diversification of energy sources.

* An intensive model program for the introduction and promotion of electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles aswell as accelerating the setting up of charging infrastructures and the development of societal awareness and preparedness through the collaboration of the national and local governments, regional businesses and auto manufacturers in Japan. Action plans are expected to be developed this summer by each participating local government, and a master action plan based on the results of each program is expected to be developed at the end of this fiscal year.

In the context of the EDF-Toyota partnership, European road trials of Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles started in France in the autumn of 2007 and were expanded to the UK last year.

The vehicles will use an innovative charging system which is able to ensure safe charging, communication between the plug and the vehicle, identification of the vehicle and invoicing of energy. For this demonstration, EDF and its subsidiary Electricité de Strasbourg (ES) will participate in a technical and financial partnership with all stakeholders, which will set up several hundred charging points at users' homes, at the facilities of partners, in public parking lots and on public roads.

A Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle uses Toyota's hybrid technology but with the added benefit that its battery can be recharged using a standard electrical plug. Toyota's PHV is "the best of both worlds": for short distances, it can be driven as an electric vehicle, resulting in a silent, zero CO2 emissions drive. For longer distances, the PHV works as a conventional hybrid vehicle, providing all the benefits of hybrid technology, including low emissions and fuel consumption, and excellent driving performance. Toyota expects the PHV to bring unsurpassed fuel efficiency and therefore record low emissions — as compared to any other mass-market vehicle on roads today.

Toyota and EDF Energy are using an innovative charging and invoicing system which is incorporated into the PHV. This system is compatible with a new generation of public charging stations, which aim to make electric power more accessible on public roads and car parks, and will reduce the cost to the customer. EDF Energy has helped to install the first of 40 charging posts in the UK, with plans to help install more in the coming months.

A PHV uses Toyota's hybrid technology with the added benefit that the vehicle's batteries can be fully recharged using a standard electrical plug or an electrical charging post to extend its driving range in electric mode. For short distances, PHV can be driven as an electric vehicle, resulting in a silent, zero emissions drive. For longer distances, PHV works as a conventional hybrid vehicle.

Toyota's PHV is "the best of both worlds": it enhances the benefits of hybrid technology, while avoiding the constraints traditionally linked with electric vehicles. Toyota expects the PHV to bring unsurpassed fuel efficiency and therefore record low emissions. Early test results indicate that fuel efficiency is significantly higher than current Prius. For example, for trips up to 25km, PHV consumes roughly 60% less fuel than Toyota's hybrid Prius. One of the research objectives of the UK tests is to confirm such PHV performance.

The tests also aim at understanding consumers' acceptance of the new technology, as a preparation to broader commercialisation in the future. Toyota has already confirmed that it will sell lithium-ion battery-equipped PHVs to fleet customers in Europe and other regions by the end of 2009.

Rt Hon John Hutton MP, UK Secretary of State for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform, speaking at a Toyota - EDF Energy event in London to launch PHV in the UK, said: 'I welcome the launch of this trial here in the UK. I am pleased to see industry pulling together to work on diversifying energy use and cutting global carbon emissions. We hope that this trial will provide an invaluable insight into the future development of UK electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles. This, combined with the demonstration project announced by the prime minister (3), will lead us one step closer to making our ambition of becoming the number one location for low carbon vehicles a reality.'

'We are very excited to expand our PHV road testing programme to the UK in collaboration with EDF Energy,' said Koei Saga, Managing Officer in charge of hybrid system development at Toyota Motor Corporation. 'Today's announcement represents a step change towards acceptance of electricity in combination with hybrid technology as a viable and sustainable transport solution'.

Vincent de Rivaz, EDF Energy Chief Executive said: 'I am delighted that EDF Energy will play a pivotal role with Toyota in trialling this innovative vehicle and technology as part of our ongoing work to make clean electric transport more accessible to everyone. We passionately believe in rising to the challenge of climate change by helping our customers reduce the carbon emissions from their energy use. Incorporating this vehicle into our fleet complements our work in developing electric charging posts for vehicles in the UK and in France. It supports Our Climate Commitments, in which we have committed to cutting our CO2 emissions from our transport by 20% by 2012.'

Notes to editors:

(1) There are existing retrofitted Toyota Prius vehicles in the UK. However, the Toyota Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle is the first PHV vehicle produced by a car manufacturer.

(2) In a motor vehicle, the term powertrain refers to the group of components that generate power and deliver it to the road surface. The main components are the engine and the transmission.

(3) The UK Prime Minister announced on 4th September a major new pilot programme for electric cars - including plug-in hybrids which can be fuelled by electricity from the grid or petrol - working with the Energy Technologies Institute, Cenex, the UK Centre of Excellence for low carbon and fuel cell technologies, and the industry to explore the role of electric cars in a sustainable transport system.

PHV pictures are available on Toyota media website (www.toyota-media.com)

The announcement represents the next step toward the popularization of plug-in hybrid vehicles, following the start in 2007 of public-road verification tests of Toyota nickel-metal hydride battery-equipped plug-in hybrid vehicles in the Japan, the U.S. and Europe. In the U.S., such tests began in November with the cooperation of the University of California, Berkeley and the University of California, Irvine under the State of California's Alternative Fuel Incentive Program.

TMC will continue to engage in the development of various advanced technologies toward the realization of a world of sustainable mobility in which people and the environment can coexist and believes it is important to increase the availability of such technologies in the marketplace. In addition to plug-in hybrid vehicles, TMC is progressing in its engagements regarding fuel cell hybrid vehicles, flexible-fuel vehicles, diesel engines and others and, in the near future, intends to offer a newly developed clean diesel V8 engine in the "Tundra" full-size pickup truck and "Sequoia" full-size SUV sold in North America.